Testudines (Turtles and Tortoises)
Suborder: Cryptodira
Family: Carettochelyidae (Pignose Turtles)
—No subordinate taxa
Family: Chelydridae (Snapping Turtles)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Chelydra floridana | (Hay, 1907) | Giant Florida snapping turtle | Late Pleistocene | Florida, USA | Extinct | Access |
Family: Cheloniidae (Sea Turtles)
—No subordinate taxa
Family: Dermatemydidae (River Turtles)
—No subordinate taxa
Family: Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Turtles)
—No subordinate taxa
Family: Emydidae (Pond Turtles/Box and Water Turtles)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Emys orbicularis ingauna | Jesu, Piombo, Salvidio, Lamagni, Ortale and Genta, 2004 | Liguria pond turtle | (rediscovered) | Liguria, Italy (north-western) | Rediscovered | Access |
| Emys orbicularis ssp. nov. 'Algiers' | - | - | early 20th century | "near Algiers" | Extinct | Access |
| Graptemys kerneri | Ehret & Bourque, 2011 | Kerner's map turtle | c.13,000 BC | Florida, US | Extinct | Access |
| Pseudemys hibbardi | (Preston, 1979) | Hibbard's cooter | Late Pleistocene | Kansas & Oklahoma, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Terrapene carolina putnami | (Hay, 1906) | Giant box turtle | Late Pleistocene-Holocene border | USA | Extinct | Access |
Family: Geoemydidae (Bataguridae) (Asian River Turtles, Leaf and Roofed Turtles, Asian Box Turtles)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Batagur trivittata | (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) | Burmese roofed turtle | (rediscovered) | Myanmar (=Burma) | Rediscovered | Access |
| Cuora aurocapitata | Luo & Zong, 1988 | Yellow-headed box turtle | ? | China | Extinct in the wild? | Access |
| Cuora mccordi | Ernst, 1988 | McCord's box turtle | ? | China | Extinct in the wild? | Access |
| Cuora trifasciata | (Bell, 1825) | Chinese three-striped box turtle | ? | China & Vietnam | Extinct in the wild? | Access |
| Cuora yunnanensis | Boulenger, 1906 | Yunnan box turtle | (rediscovered) | Yunnan, China | Rediscovered | Access |
| Cuora zhoui | Zhao in Zhao, Zhou & Ye, 1990 | Zhou's box turtle | ? | China | Extinct in the wild? | Access |
| Cuora sp. nov. 'Okinawa' | - | - | Late Pleistocene | Okinawa Group, Japan | Extinct | Access |
| Geoemyda amamiensis | Takahashi, Kato & Ota 2007 | Amami leaf turtle | Late Pleistocene | Tokunoshima Island, Central Ryukyus, Japan | Extinct | Access |
| Heosemys depressa | (Anderson, 1875) | Arakan Forest turtle | (rediscovered) | Bangladesh & Myanmar | Rediscovered | Access |
| Mauremys nigricans | (Gray, 1834) | Red-necked pond turtle, Chinese red-necked turtle, Kwangtung River turtle, Black-necked pond turtle | ? | China (and Vietnam?) | Extinct in the wild? | Access |
| Mauremys nipponica | (Hirayama, Kaneko, and Okazaki, 2007) | Nipponese pond turtle | Late Pleistocene | Honshu & Kyushu, Japan | Extinct | Access |
| Mauremys oshiroi | Takahashi, Otsuka & Ota, 2015 | - | Late Pleistocene | Miyakojima Island, Ryukyus Archipelago, Japan | Extinct | Access |
| Mauremys yabei | (Shikama, 1949) | Yabe's pond turtle | Late Pleistocene | Honshu, Japan | Extinct | Access |
| Melanochelys sinhaleyus | Deraniyagala, 1953 | Sinhalese pond turtle | Late Pleistocene | Sri Lanka | Extinct | Access |
| Rhinoclemmys nicoyana | Acuña-Mesen and Laurito-Mora, 1996 | Nicoya wood turtle | Late Pleistocene | Costa Rica | Extinct | Access |
| Siebenrockiella leytensis | Taylor, 1920 | Philippine forest turtle, Palawan turtle | (rediscovered) | Palawan and Dumaran Islands, Philippines | Rediscovered | Access |
| Vijayachelys silvatica | Henderson, 1912 | Forest cane turtle, Cane turtle, Cochin Forest cane turtle, Kavalai Forest turtle | (rediscovered) | India | Rediscovered | Access |
Family: Kinosternidae (Mud and Musk Turtles)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Kinosternon hirtipes chapalaense | Iverson, 1981 | Chapala mud turtle | (rediscovered) | Lago de Chapala and Laguna de Zapotlan basins of Jalisco and Michoacan, Mexico | Rediscovered | Access |
| Kinosternon hirtipes magdalense | Iverson, 1981 | Magdalena mud turtle | (rediscovered) | Magdalena valley, Michoacan, Mexico | Rediscovered | Access |
| Kinosternon hirtipes megacephalum | Iverson, 1981 | Viesca mud turtle | 1961 | near Viesca, Coahuila (south-western), Mexico | Extinct | Access |
Family: Platysternidae (Big-headed Turtles)
—No subordinate taxa
Family: Testudinidae (Tortoises)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Aldabrachelys abrupta | Grandidier, 1868 | Madagascan giant tortoise, Madagascar giant tortoise | c.1200 AD | Madagascar | Extinct | Access |
| Aldabrachelys daudinii | Duméril & Bibron, 1835 | Daudin's giant tortoise | 1830 or later | Seychelles | Extinct | Access |
| Aldabrachelys gigantea arnoldi | Bour, 1982 | Arnold's giant tortoise | - | Seychelles | Formerly extinct in the wild | Access |
| Aldabrachelys gigantea hololissa | Günther, 1877 | Seychelles giant tortoise | - | Seychelles | Extinct in the wild? | Access |
| Aldabrachelys grandidieri | Vaillant, 1885 | Madagascan giant tortoise, Grandidier's giant tortoise | c.884 AD | Madagascar | Extinct | Access |
| Aldabrachelys sumeirei | Sauzier, 1892 | Marion's tortoise | 1918 | Seychelles | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Aldabrachelys sp. nov. 'Glorieuse' | - | Glorieuse giant tortoise | c.100ka | Glorieuse Islands (Grande Glorieuse), Madagascar | Extinct | Access |
|
Astrochelys rogerbouri |
Kehlmaier et al., 2023 | 1262 to 1069 cal yr B.P. | Madagascar | Extinct | Access | |
| Chelonoidis abingdonii | (Günther, 1877) | Abingdon Island (giant) tortoise, Pinta Island (giant) tortoise | 24 June 2012 | Abingdon Island (=Pinta Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis alburyorum alburyorum | Franz & Franz, 2009 | Abaco tortoise, Albury's tortoise | c.1110 AD | Great Abaco Island, the Bahamas | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis alburyorum keegani | Franz et al., 2020 | Grand Turk giant tortoise, Turks giant tortoise | AD 1117-1222 | Grand Turk, Turks Banks, Turks and Caicos | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis alburyorum sementis | Franz et al., 2020 | Middle Caicos giant tortoise, Caicos Giant tortoise | AD 890-1020 | Middle Caicos, Caicos Bank, Turks and Caicos | Extinct | Access |
|
Chelonoidis chathamensis |
(Van Denburgh, 1907) | San Cristóbal giant tortoise, Chatham Island giant tortoise | 1906 | San Cristóbal (=Chatham Island), Galapagos Islands, Ecuador | Missing | Access |
| Chelonoidis dominicensis | Albury et al., 2018 | - | Late Quaternary | Dominican Republic Hispaniola | Extinct or invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Chelonoidis duncanensis | (Pritchard, 1996) | Pinzón giant tortoise, Duncan Island giant tortoise | - | Pinzón (=Duncan Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador | Formerly extinct in the wild | Access |
| Chelonoidis elephantopus | (Harlan, 1827) | Floreana (Island) giant tortoise, Charles Island giant tortoise, Elephant tortoise | Holocene (c. 1835-1850?) |
Floreana Island (=Charles Island = Santa Maria Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis gersoni | Viñola-Lopez & Almonte, 2022 | ? | Hispaniola | Extinct | Access | |
|
Chelonoidis hoodensis |
(Van Denburgh, 1907) | Hood Island giant tortoise, Española giant tortoise, Tortuga Gigante de Española | - | Española Island (=Hood Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador | Reintroduced to the wild | Access |
| Chelonoidis lutzae | Zacarías, de la Fuente, Fernández & Zurita, 2013 | Lutz's giant tortoise | c.20,000 BC | Argentina | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis marcanoi | Turvey et al., 2017 | - | Holocene | Hispaniola | Extinct or invalid (nomen dubium) | Access |
|
Chelonoidis phantasticus |
(Van Denburgh, 1907) | Fernandina Island giant tortoise, Narborough Island giant tortoise, Fernandina giant tortoise | - | Fernandina Island (=Narborough Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador | Relocated | Access |
| Chelonoidis sombrerensis | Leidy, 1868 | Sombrero giant tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Sombrero Island, Anguilla | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis wallacei | (Rothschild, 1902) | Wallace's giant tortoise | ? | Rábida Island, Galápagos, Ecuador | Extinct or invalid | Access |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Abaco' | - | Abaco giant tortoise | AD 1030-1170 | Abaco, Little Bahama Bank, Bahamas | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Barbados' | - | - | Late Pleistocene | Barbados | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Crooked Island' | - | Crooked Island giant tortoise | c.1000 AD? | Crooked Island, Bahamas | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Curaçao' | - | Curaçao giant tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Curaçao | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Ecuador' | - | Late Pleistocene or Holocene | Ecuador | Extinct | Access | |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Great Bahama Bank' | - | Great Bahama Bank giant tortoise | AD 1040–1220 | Eleuthera & Jumentos Cays, Great Bahama Bank, Bahamas | Extinct | Access |
|
Chelonoidis ssp. nov. 'Long Island'
|
- | Late Pleistocene or Holocene | Long Island, Bahamas | Extinct | Access | |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Mayaguana' | - | Mayaguana giant tortoise | Holocene? | Mayaguana, Mayaguana Bank, Bamahas | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Navassa' | - | Navassa giant tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Navassa | Extinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Santa Fé' | - | Santa Fé Island giant tortoise | c.1890 | Santa Fé Island (=Barrington Island), Galápagos Islands, Ecuador | Extinct if distinct | Access |
| Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'St. Eustatius' | - | St. Eustatius giant tortoise | ? | St. Eustatius, St. Christopher Bank, Lesser Antilles | Extinct if distinct | Access |
|
Chelonoidis sp. nov. 'Venezuela'
|
- | Late Pleistocene or Holocene? | Venezuela | Extinct | Access | |
| Cylindraspis borbonica | Bour, 1978 (1979?) | - | pre-1800 | Réunion, Mascarene Islands | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Cylindraspis indica | Schneider, 1783 | Réunion giant tortoise | 1800 | Réunion, Mascarene Islands | Extinct | Access |
| Cylindraspis inepta | Günther, 1873 | Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise, Domed tortoise, Mauritius giant domed tortoise | early 1700's | Mauritius, Mascarene Islands | Extinct | Access |
| Cylindraspis peltastes | Duméril & Bibron, 1835 | Domed Rodrigues (giant) tortoise, Lesser tortoise, Rodrigues domed tortoise | post-1800 (1802?) | Rodrigues, Mascarene Islands | Extinct | Access |
| Cylindraspis triserrata | Günther, 1873 | Domed Mauritius giant tortoise, High-fronted tortoise, Mauritius giant flat-shelled tortoise | early 1700's | Mauritius, Mascarene Islands | Extinct | Access |
| Cylindraspis vosmaeri | Suckow, 1798 | Saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise, Greater saddleback toroise, Rodrigues giant saddleback tortoise | post-1800 (1802?) | Rodrigues, Mascarene Islands | Extinct | Access |
| Eupachemys rugosus | Leidy, 1889 | Holocene | Florida, USA | Invalid (synonym) | ||
| Geochelone burchardi | Ahl, 1926 | Tenerife giant tortoise, Burchard's tortoise | Late Pleistocene? | Teneriffe, Canary Islands, North Africa | Extinct | Access |
| Geochelone cubensis | Leidy, 1868 | Cuban giant tortoise | early Holocene | Cuba | Extinct | Access |
| Geochelone vulcanica | López-Jurado & Mateo, 1993 | Gran Canaria giant tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, North Africa | Extinct | Access |
| Geochelone sp. nov. 'Fuerteventura' | - | - | ? | Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, North Africa | Extinct | Access |
| Geochelone sp. nov. 'Lanzarote' | - | - | ? | Lanzarote, Canary Islands, North Africa | Extinct | Access |
| Gopherus donlaloi | Reynoso and Montellano-Ballesteros, 2004 | Don Lalo’s gopher tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Mexico | Extinct | Access |
| Gopherus hexagonatus | Cope, 1893 | - | Terminal Pleistocene | Texas, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Gopherus laticaudatus | (Cope, 1893) | Broad-tailed gopher tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Texas, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Hesperotestudo bermudae | Meylan & Sterrer, 2000 | Bermuda tortoise | pre-Late Pleistocene? | Bermuda | Extinct | Access |
| Hesperotestudo crassiscutata | Leidy, 1889 | Southeastern giant tortoise | Holocene | USA | Extinct | Access |
| Hesperotestudo equicomes | Hay, 1917 | Kansas tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Kansas & Nebraska, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Hesperotestudo incisa | Hay, 1916 | Incised tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Florida & Georgia, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Hesperotestudo wilsoni | Milstead, 1956 | Wilson's tortoise | Late Pleistocene (Holocene?) | New Mexico, Oklahoma & Texas, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Hesperotestudo sp. nov. 'El Salvador' | - | Mesoamerican giant tortoise | Late Pleistocene | El Salvador | Extinct | Access |
| ?Kinixys sp. nov. 'Zimbabwe' | - | Matobo Hills tortoise, Pomongwe tortoise | Holocene | Zimbabwe | Extinct | Access |
| Manouria oyamai | Takahashi, Kato & Ota, 2003 | Ryukus tortoise | Holocene | Ryuku Archipelago (Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Iejima, Miyakojima, and Yonagunijima islands), Japan | Extinct | Access |
| Megalochelys sp. nov. 'Timor' | - | Timor giant tortoise | Late Pleistocene | Timor, Indonesia | Extinct | Access |
| Monachelys monensis | (Williams, 1952) | Mona tortoise | c. 1050 BC | Mona Island, Puerto Rico | Extinct | Access |
|
Solitudo sicula |
Valenti et al., 2022 | Late Pleistocene-Holocene border | Sicily, Italy | Extinct | Access | |
| Testudo distans | Hay, 1916 | Late Pleistocene | Florida, USA | Invalid (synonym) | ||
| Testudo luciae | Hay, 1916 | Late Pleistocene | Florida, USA | Invalid (synonym) | ||
| Testudo marginata cretensis | Bachmayer, Brinkerink & Symeonidis, 1976 | - | Late Pleistocene | Crete, Greece | Extinct | Access |
| Testudo ocalana | Hay, 1916 | Late Pleistocene | Florida, USA | Invalid (synonym) | ||
| Testudo sellardsi | Hay, 1916 | Late Pleistocene | Florida, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
Family: Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Cyclanorbis elegans | (Gray, 1869) | Nubian flapshell turtle | (rediscovered) | West Africa | Rediscovered | Access |
| Nilssonia nigricans | Anderson, 1875 | Black soft-shell turtle, Black softshell turtle | (rediscovered) | Bangladesh & India | Rediscovered | Access |
| Rafetus hoankiemensis | Hà Dinh Dúc (year?) | Hoan Kiem Lake turtle | January (pre-20th), 2016 | Vietnam | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Rafetus leloii | Hà Dinh Dúc, 2000 | Hoan Kiem Lake turtle | January (pre-20th), 2016 | Vietnam | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Rafetus swinhoei | Gray, 1873 | Swinhoe's turtle | (functionally extinct) | China & Vietnam | Functionally extinct | Access |
| Rafetus vietnamensis | Binh et al., 2010 | Hoan Kiem Lake turtle | January (pre-20th), 2016 | Vietnam | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
Suborder: Meiolaniformes
Family: †Meiolaniidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Meiolania damelipi | White, Worthy, Hawkins, Bedford and Spriggs, 2010 | Efate giant horned turtle, Vanuatu giant tortoise, Vanuatu horned turtle | c.810 BC | Efate Island, Vanuatu | Extinct | Access |
| Meiolania mackayi | Anderson, 1925 | Walpole Island horned turtle, Walpole giant horned turtle | Late Pleistocene or Holocene? | Walpole Island, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia | Extinct | Access |
| Meiolania platyceps | Owen, 1886 | Lord Howe Island horned turtle | Late Pleistocene | Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia | Extinct | Access |
| Meiolania sp. nov. 'New Caledonia' | - | New Caledonia giant horned turtle | c.531 AD | New Caledonia (including Tiga Island) | Extinct if valid | Access |
| Meiolania sp. nov. 'Wyandotte' | - | Wyandotte giant horned turtle | c.43,000 BC | Queensland, Australia | Extinct | Access |
| ?Meiolania sp. nov. 'Viti Levu' | - | Viti Levu giant horned turtle | Late Pleistocene | Viti Levu, Fiji | Extinct | Access |
| Ninjemys oweni | Woodward, 1888 | Owen’s giant horned ninja turtle, Owen's (giant) horned turtle | Late Pleistocene | Queensland, Australia | Extinct | Access |
Suborder: Pleurodira
Family: Chelidae (Austro-American Sideneck Turtles)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
|
Chelodina kuchlingi |
Cann, 1997 | Kuchling's long-necked turtle | 1974 | Parry Creek, lower Ord River floodplain, Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia | Missing | Access |
| Chelodina mccordi mccordi |
Rhodin, 1994
|
Western Roti (Island) snake-necked turtle, McCord's snakeneck turtle | ? | Roti Island | Extinct in the wild | Access |
| Elseya lavarackorum | (White & Archer, 1994) | - | Pleistocene | Queensland, Australia | Extinct or rediscovered | Access |
| Pseudemydura umbrina | Siebenrock, 1901 | Western Swamp tortoise, Short-necked tortoise, Western short-necked turtle, Western Swamp turtle | (rediscovered) | Bullsbrook & Ellenbrook, Western Australia, Australia | Rediscovered | Access |
Family: Pelomedusidae (Afro-American Sideneck Turtles)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Pelusios castaneus seychellensis | Siebenrock, 1906 | Seychelles black terrapin, Seychelles mud turtle, Seychelles terrapin | 1895 | Seychelles (Mahé Island?) | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
Family: Podocnemididae (Madagascan Big-headed and American Sideneck River Turtles)
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Peltocephalus maturin | Ferreira et al., 2024 | - | Late Pleistocene | Brazilian Amazon | Extinct | Access |