Most Recent Global Extinctions
The following table is tentative. There are doubtless many species unknowingly omitted from consideration simply because they went extinct without ever having been documented. While other (sub)species not included here probably survived longer than is recognised by science, and possibly still exist. Moreover, the "Last record" given for each (sub)species almost certainly does not represent the very last individual (endling) in almost all cases for obvious reasons. Nevertheless such an incomplete picture of recent extinctions is better than none at all. The list is arbitrarily limited to extinctions that are believed to have taken place since 1 January 20001,2.
Entries listed in bold are tentative post-1999 records.
Entries which are underlined may not be taxonomically valid.
Entries which are both bolded and underlined are taxa which are feared extinct again.
An asterisk '*' denotes that the endling died in captivity/ex situ.
| Scientific name | Common name (type of organism) | Geographical range | Last record | References |
| Achatinella apexfulva* | (land snail) | Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 1 January 2019 | David Sischo |
| Ecnomiohyla rabborum* | Rabb’s fringe-limbed treefrog | Panama | 26 September 2016 | Platt, 2016 |
| Partula faba faba* | Captain Cook's bean snail | Raiatea, Society Islands | 21 February 2016 | Justin Gerlach's website |
| Emoia nativitatis* | Christmas Island forest skink | Christmas Island, Indian Ocean | 31 May 2014 | Woinarski et al., 2017 |
| Megupsilon aporus* | Catarina pupfish | México | 2014 | González et al., 2018 |
| Chelonoidis abingdonii* | Abingdon Island tortoise | Abingdon Island (=Pinta Island), Galápagos | 24 June 2012 | Jones, 2013 |
| Diceros bicornis longipes | Western black rhino[ceros] | West Africa | 2012 | Gippoliti et al., 2018 |
| Philydor novaesi | Alagoas foliage-gleaner (bird) | Alagoas State, Brazil | September 2011 | Lees et al., 2014; Pereira et al., 2014 |
| Brachylagus idahoensis ssp. nov.* | Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit | Columbia Basin, Washington, USA | 2011 or after | Becker & DeMay, 2016 |
| Garra festai | Ammiq garra (fish) | Ammiq Marshes, Lebanon | 2011 | Freyhof et al., 2014 |
| Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus | Vietnamese Javan rhino[ceros] | Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam | 29 April 2010 | Brook et al., 2011 |
| Alcelaphus buselaphus tora | Tora's hartebeest (mammal) | Nubia and W Ethiopia | 2010 | Gippoliti et al., 2018 |
| Pipistrellus murrayi | Christmas Island pipistrelle (bat) | Christmas Island, Indian Ocean | 27 August 2009 | Lumsden, 2009 |
| Melomys rubicola | Bramble Cay melomys (rodent) | Bramble Cay, Torres Strait | 2009 | Woinarski & Burbidge, 2016 |
| Tryonia oasiensis | (springsnail) | Caroline Spring, Texas, USA | 2009 | Hershler et al., 2011 |
| Festuca molokaiensis | (grass) | Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2009 | Wood et al., 2019 |
| Atelopus pinangoi | Green and red harlequin toad | Venezuela | December 2008 | Pereira-Muñoz et al., 2015 |
| Asterropteryx gubbina | (goby fish) | Silhouette island, Seychelles | April 2008 | Gerlach, 2010 |
| Pseudophoxinus syriacus | Barada Spring minnow | Syria | 2008 | Freyhof et al., 2014 |
| Claravis geoffroyi | Purple-winged ground dove | Argentina, Brazil & Paraguay | November 2007 | Areta et al., 2009 |
| Cichlocolaptes mazarbarnetti | Cryptic treehunter (bird) | Alagoas State, Brazil | 2007 | Pereira et al., 2014 |
| Telmatobius mendelsoni | (amphibian) | Peru | 2007 | De la Riva et al., 2012 |
| Plectostoma charasense | (snail) | Pahang state, Malaysia | 2007 | Thorseng, 2014 |
| Bombus franklini | Franklin's bumble bee | California & Oregon, USA | 9 August 2006 | Kevan, 2008 |
| Chirostoma bartoni | Alberca silverside (fish) | Alberca Caldera, Guanajuato, México | August 2006 | Jelks et al., 2008 |
| Samoana attenuata | Cone-shaped tree-snail | Society Islands, French Polynesia | February 2006 | Coote, 2009a |
| Eleutherodactylus brevirostris | Shortsnout robber frog | Hispaniola | 2006 | Hedges & Díaz, 2009 |
| Holcaspis brevicula | Eyrewell ground beetle | Canterbury Plains, South Island, New Zealand | 9 February 2005 | Brockerhoff et al., 2005 |
| Podarcis filfolensis kieselbachi | Selmunett lizard | Selmunett Island, Malta | 2005 | Sciberras & Schembri, 2008 |
| Nymphargus truebae | Trueb's Cochran frog | Peru | 2005 | IUCN ASG, 2017c |
| Dypsis brittiana | (palm tree) | Madagascar | 2005 | Rakotoarinivo & Dransfield, 2012 |
| Melamprosops phaeosoma* | Po'ouli, Black-faced honeycreeper | Maui, Hawaiian Islands | 28 November 2004 | Song, 2004; Powell, 2008 |
| Senecio berteroi | (flowering plant) | Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernández Islands, Chile | August 2004 | Danton and Perrier, 2005 |
| Toxostoma guttatum | Cozumel thrasher (bird) | Cozumel, México | June 2004 | Curry et al., 2006 |
| Delamarephorura tami | (non-insect arthropod) | Viet Nam | 2004 | Deharveng & Bedos, 2016a |
| Patiriella littoralis | Derwent River seastar | Tasmania, Australia | 2004 | Department of the Environment, 2020 |
| Psephurus gladius* | Chinese paddlefish | China | 2004 | source |
| Mastigodiaptomus galapagoensis | El Junco Lake copepod | El Junco Lake, San Cristóbal Island, Galápagos Islands | 2004 | López et al., 2021; Elías-Gutiérrez et al., 2023 |
| Nesiota elliptica* | St Helena olive | St Helena, Atlantic Ocean | December 2003 | Lambdon & Ellick, 2016 |
| Xenopoecilus poptae | Popta's buntingi | Lake Poso, Sulawesi, Indonesia | March 2003 | Parenti & Soeroto, 2003 |
| Nectophrynoides poyntoni | (amphibian) | Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania | Early 2003 | Menegon et al., 2004 |
| Atelopus farci | Forest stubfoot toad | Colombia | 2003 | IUCN ASG, 2017a |
| Atelopus simulatus | Imitating stubfoot toad | Colombia | 2003 | IUCN ASG 2015 |
| Altiphrynoides osgoodi | Osgood's Ethiopian toad | Ethiopia | 2003 | IUCN ASG, 2014 |
| Kubaryia pilikia | (land snail) | Peleliu, Palau | 2003 | Rundell, 2012 |
| Bonatea lamprophylla | (orchid) | Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park, St. Lucia | 2003 | Combrink & Kyle, 2006 |
| Lipotes vexillifer* | Baiji, Yangtze River dolphin | Yangtze River, China | 2002 (2007?) | Turvey, 2008 |
| Partula labrusca* | Vine tree-snail | Raiatea, Society Islands | 2002 | Coote, 2009b |
| Cereus estevesii | (cactus) | Minas Gerais State, Brazil | 2002 | Braun & Taylor, 2013 |
| Glaucidium mooreorum | Pernambuco pygmy owl | Pernambuco State, Brazil | November 2001 | BirdLife, 2016 |
| Libythea collenettei | Marquesan snout butterfly | Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia | 28 August 2001 | Kawahara, 2003; Kawahara & Toussaint, 2018 |
| Numenius tenuirostris | Slender-billed curlew (bird) | Northern Hemisphere | 15 April 2001 | Oláh & Pigniczki, 2010 |
| Xerobdella lecomtei | European land leech | near Graz, Austria | 2001-2005 | Kutschera et al., 2007 |
| Atelopus sernai | (amphibian) | Antioquia Department, Colombia | 2001 | IUCN ASG, 2017b |
| Labeobarbus reinii | Giant Atlas barbel | Morocco | 2001 | Freyhof & Ford, 2022 |
| Hyperolius ruvuensis | (amphibian) | Tanzania | 2001 | Barratt et al., 2017 |
| Argynnis hyperbius inconstans | Australian fritillary (butterfly) | NSW & Queensl., Australia | 2001 | Lambkin, 2017 |
| Phyllostegia knudsenii | (flowering plant) | Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands | 2001 | Clark, 2015; Wood, 2015; Wood et al., 2019 |
| Tetramolopium capillare | pamakani (plant) | Maui, Hawaiian Islands | 2001 (Federal Register); 2006 (Wood et al.) | Federal Register 81(61); Wood et al., 2019 |
| Glyceria drummondii | Nangetty grass | Western Australia, Australia | 2000-2004 | Threatened Species Week entry |
| Hesperia meskei pinocayo | Rockland grass skipper butterfly | Florida, USA | 2000 | Mongabay |
| Eutamias atristriatus | Penasco least chipmunk | New Mexico, USA | 2000 | Suckling et al., 2004 |
| Conturbatia crenata | (land snail) | Fregate island, Seychelles | 2000 | Gerlach, 2009 |
| Samoana minuta | (land snail) | Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands | 2000 | Gerlach, 2016 |
| Pyrgulopsis torrida | (land snail) | Ventura County, California, USA | 2000 | Hershler et al., 2016 |
| Rhizopsammia wellingtoni | Wellington's solitary coral | Galápagos Islands | 2000 | Hickman et al., 2007 |
| Solanum ruvu | (flowering plant) | Ruvu Coastal Forest, Morogoro District, Tanzania | 2000 | Vanishing Flora forum |
| Euphorbia celastroides tomentella | (flowering plant) | Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2000 | Wood et al., 2019 |
| Acaena exigua | (flowering plant) | Kaui & Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2000 | Wood et al., 2019 |
| Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica | Bucardo, Pyrenean Ibex | Pyrénées Mountains, Europe | 6 January 20003 | Folch et al., 2009 |
| Peperomia subpetiolata | (flowering plant) | Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA | c.2000 | Wood et al., 2019 |
| Zosterops albogularis | White-chested white-eye (passerine bird) | Norfolk Island | 2000 | Butchart et al., 2006 |
Notes:
1 The epiphytic fern Adenophorus periens was formerly listed above, last recorded in 2014 from the Hawaiian Islands. However, it was rediscovered in 2021 (source: Rare Plant Program Highlights 2021).
2 The Cyprus grass snake (Natrix natrix cypriaca) was formerly listed above with a last record of >2007 (Baier & Wiedl, 2010) but has sinc been found again (Zotos et al., 2021).
3 A cloned specimen was born, and died after several minutes on 30 July 2003 (source).
Appendix 1: Collected pre-2000, but habitat destroyed post-2000 and thus probably causing extinction
| Scientific name | Common name | Distribution | Last record | Habitat destroyed |
| Lucihormetica luckae1 | Lucka's bioluminescent cockroach | Tungurahua volcanoe, Tungurahua Province, Ecuador | 1939 | 2010 |
1 Vršanský, P., Chorvát, D. A., Fritzsche, I., Hain, M. and Ševčík, R. (2012). Light-mimicking cockroaches indicate Tertiary origin of recent terrestrial luminescence. Naturwissenschaften 99(9): 739-749. [Abstract]
Appendix 2: May be extinct, but confirmation is lacking
| Scientific name | Common name/type | Distribution | Last record | References |
| Pseudococcus markharveyi | Banksia montana mealybug | Stirling Range National Park (Bluff Knoll and Pyungorup Peak), Western Australia, Australia | November 2019 | Moir, 2021 |
| Drosera allantostigma | Geraldton sundew | Geraldton Sandplains, Western Australia, Australia | December 2018 | Cross, 2022 |
|
Saxicolella deniseae |
(plant) | Guinea | 27 January 2018 | Cheek et al., 2022a |
| Sitta insularis | Bahama nuthatch | Grand Bahama, the Bahamas | 2018 | |
| Microcambeva bendego | (catfish) | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 31 August 2016 | |
| Inversodicraea senei | (plant) | Memve’ele Falls, Ntem River, Cameroon | 2016 | Budden & Cheek, 2022 |
| Spathoglottis arunachalensis | (plant) | Arunachal Pradesh, India | 2016 | Tsering, 2022 |
| Mollinedia myriantha | (plant) | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 2015 | de Lirio et al., 2022 [preprint] |
| Aegiphila caymanensis | (plant) | Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands | 2015 | |
| Musa paramjitiana | (wild banana) |
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
|
2013 | |
| Sulawesidrobia yunusi | (snail) | Sulawesi, Indonesia | 2013 | Rintelen, 2019a |
| Tylomelania zeamais | (snail) |
Sulawesi, Indonesia
|
2013 | Rintelen, 2019b |
| Ischnura solitaria | (dragonfly) | Colombia | 2013 | Bota-Sierra & Sandoval-H, 2021a |
| Eremospatha barendii | Rattan, Rattan palm | Cameroon | 2012 | Cosiaux et al., 2016 |
| Curcuma pygmaea | (plant) | Vietnam | 17 July 2010 | Leong-Škorničková & Tran, 2019 |
| Tsoukatosia evauemgei | (snail) | Peloponnesos, Greece | July 2010 | Reischütz, 2017 |
| Epigomphus wagneri | (dragonfly) | Costa Rica | 27 June 2010 | Bota-Sierra et al., 2021a |
| Epigomphus morrisoni | (dragonfly) | Costa Rica | 22 June 2010 | Bota-Sierra et al., 2021b |
| Craugastor fleischmanni | Fleischmann's robber frog | Costa Rica | 2 March 2010 | |
|
Maoridrilus felix felix |
(earthworm) | South Island, New Zealand | 2010 | |
|
|
||||
|
Maoridrilus felix vallis |
(earthworm) | South Island, New Zealand | 2010 | |
|
|
||||
|
Phrynobatrachus njiomock |
Lake Oku puddle frog | Mount Oku, Cameroon | 2010 | |
| Hypsolebias splendissimus | (fish) | Bahia, Brazil | 2010 | Lyons, 2021a |
|
|
||||
| Manihot stellata | (plant) | Bolivia | 2009 | Fabriani, 2021 |
| Barbodes lindog | (fish) | Lake Lanao, Lanao Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines | 2008 | |
| Telmatobius bolivianus | (frog) | Bolivia | 2007 | IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2020a |
| Barbodes sirang | (fish) | Lake Lanao, Lanao Province, Mindanao Island, Philippines | 2007 | |
| Artemisia kauaiensis | (plant) | Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2006 | Clark, 2016 |
| Ceratophysella sp. nov. 'HC' | (non-insect arthropod) | Viet Nam | 2006 | Deharveng & Bedos, 2016b |
| Heteragrion archon | (damselfly) | Venezuela | 2006 | Vivas Santeliz et al., 2021 |
| Musa yamiensis | (banana) | Taiwan | 2006 | Allen & Plummer, 2020 |
| Senna suarezensis | (plant) | Madagascar | 2006 | Ramanantsialonina, 2019 |
| Sulawesidrobia datar | (snail) | Sulawesi, Indonesia | 2005 | Rintelen, 2019c |
| Cynolebias elegans | (fish) | Bahia, Brazil | 2005 | Lyons, 2021b |
| Puccinellia gussonei | (grass) | Sicily, Italy | 2005 | Troìa & Peraza Zurita, 2018 |
| Nannophryne cophotis | Paramo toad | Peru | 2005 | IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2018 |
|
Chondrostoma orientale
|
Oriental nase, Kor nase (fish) | Kor River basin, Iran | 2005 | |
| Andinobates viridis | Green poison frog | Colombia | 2005 | IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2017d |
|
|
||||
| Monanthotaxis bali | (plant) | Bali Ngemba, Cameroon | 11 April 2004 | Cheek et al., 2022b |
| Cyclophyllum tiebaghiense | (plant) | New Caledonia | 2004 | Barrabé et al., 2019 |
| Orionothemis felixorioni | (dragonfly) | Bahia, Brazil | 2004 | Bota-Sierra & Sandoval-H, 2021b |
| Telmatobius sibiricus | (frog) | Bolivia | 2003 | IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2020b |
| Tristaniopsis jaffrei | (plant) | New Caledonia | 2002 | Amice et al., 2020 |
| Psychotria torrenticola | (plant) | Cameroon | 2002 | Lovell & Cheek, 2021 |
| Notropis marhabatiensis | (fish) | Mexico | 2002 | Domínguez, 2019 |
| Allobates mcdiarmidi | (frog) | Bolivia | 2001-2005 | IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2020c |
| Kihansia lovettii | (plant) | Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania | 28 April 2001 | Cheek, 2004 "2003" |
| Kupea jonii | (plant) | Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania | 28 April 2001 | Cheek, 2004 "2003" |
| Allobates ranoides | Llanos rocket frog | Colombia | 2001 | IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2020d |
| Ochna braunii | (plant) | Tanzania | 2001 | Gereau et al., 2020 |
| Sorocephalus crassifolius | Flowerless clusterhead | Western Cape Province, South Africa | 2001 | Rebelo et al., 2020 |
| Oxalis hygrophila | (clover plant) | Western Cape Province, South Africa | 2001 | Dreyer et al., 2012 |
| Atelopus angelito | Toad | Colombia | 2000 | |
| Ophthalmolebias perpendicularis | (fish) | Bahia, Brazil | 2000 | ICMBio, 2022 |
| Speonectes tiomanensis | (fish) | Gua Tankok Air cave, Gunung Kajang, Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia | 2000 | Ahmad, 2020 |
| Taudactylus rheophilus | Northern tinker frog | Queensland, Australia | 2000 | IUCN SSC ASG, 2022 |
| Gentiana wingecarribiensis | Wingecarribee gentian, Swamp gentian | New South Wales, Australia | 2000 | Silcock et al., 2021 |
| Wikstroemia skottsbergiana | Skottsberg's wikstroemia, Skottsberg's false ohelo, ‘Ākia | Hanalei Valley & Kauhao Valley, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, USA | January 2000 | Wolkis, 2018 |
Appendix 3: Most likely extinctions in the near future1,2
| Scientific name | Common name/type | Geographical range | Number of individuals | References |
| Merulaxis stresemanni | Stresemann’s bristlefront | Bahia, Brazil | 1 female | source |
| Bubalus quarlesi | Mountain anoa | Sulawesi, Indonesia | 1 male | source |
| Hyophorbe amaricaulis | Loneliest palm | Mauritius | 1 plant | source |
| Ceratotherium simum cottoni | Northern white rhino | East and Central Africa | 2 females | source |
| Rafetus swinhoei | Yangtze giant softshell turtle | China |
2 males, 1 sex unknown |
source |
|
|
||||
| Phocoena sinus | Vaquita porpoise | Gulf of California, Mexico | Unknown | source |
1 The Sehuencas water frog (Telmatobius yuracare) was formerly listed here, as there was only a single individual known ('Romeo'). The species had not been seen in the wild for 10 years or more. In late 2018 or early 2019 five further specimens were located in the wild.
2 The Rufous-fronted laughingthrush was formerly listed here, but it has since been rediscovered in the wild.
Appendix 4: Extinct in the wild since 2000 [in progress]
* = tentative
| Scientific name | Common name/type | Distribution | Last record |
| Telmatobius dankoi* | Loa water frog | El Loa province, Chile | June 2019 |
| Schiedea haakoaensis | (plant) | near Laupāhoehoe, Hawaiʻi (=Big Island), Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2019 |
| Phyllostegia pilosa | (plant) | Maui & Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2018 |
| Phyllostegia helleri | (plant) | Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2018 |
| Cyanea truncata | (plant) | Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2018 |
| Gracula religiosa miotera | Simeulue Hill myna (bird) | Sumatra, Indonesia | 2017-2018 |
| Phyllostegia bracteata | (plant) | Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2017 |
| Phyllostegia mannii | (plant) | Molokai & Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2016 |
| Phyllostegia brevidens | (plant) | Hawai'i & Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2016 |
| Deparia kaalaana | (plant) | Hawai'i, Kauai & Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2016 |
| Delissea rhytidosperma | (plant) | Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2014 |
| Dendroseris gigantea | (plant) | Alejandro Selkirk Island, Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile | March 2014 |
| Stenogyne kanehoana | (plant) | Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2013 |
| Stenogyne bifida | (plant) | Molokai, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2013 |
| Kanaloa kahoolawensis | (plant) | Kaho'olawe, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2013 |
| Caridina dennerli | (shrimp) | Sulawesi, Indonesia | 2013 |
| Phyllostegia parviflora glabriuscula | (plant) | Hawai'i, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2012 |
| Lachanodes arborea | (plant) | St Helena | 2012 |
| Commersonia erythrogyna | Trigwell's rulingia (plant) | south-western Western Australia, Australia | 2012 |
| Copsychus stricklandii barbouri | (passerine bird) | Maratua island, Borneo | 2011 |
| Phyllostegia parviflora lydgatei | (plant) | Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2010 |
| Cyanea grimesiana grimesiana | (plant) | Moloka'i & Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2010 |
| Schiedea jacobii | (plant) | Hawai'i, USA | 2009 or 2010 |
|
Atelopus zeteki
|
Panamanian golden toad | Panama | late 200X's |
|
|
|||
| Stenogyne campanulata | (plant) | Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2008 |
| Phyllostegia kaalaensis | (plant) | Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2008 |
| Cyanea grimesiana grimesiana | (plant) | Koʻolau Mountains, Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2008 |
| Magnolia wolfii | (plant) | Risaralda Department, Colombia | August 2006 |
| Musa zaifui | (banana) | Yunnan Province, China | 2006 |
| Aphanius sirhani | (fish) | Azraq Oasis, Wadi Sirhan valley, Syrian desert, Jordan | 2004-2006 |
| Aphanius saourensis | (fish) | Oued Saoura Basin, Sahara desert, Algeria | 2004 |
| Encephalartos brevifoliolatus | (cycad) | Limpopo Province, South Africa | 2004 |
| Costus vinosus | (plant) | Panama (central) | 2004 |
| Nectophrynoides asperginis | Kihansi spray toad | Kihansi Falls, Kihansi Gorge, Udzungwa Mountains, eastern Tanzania | 2004 |
| Apricaphanius saourensis | Sahara killifish | Oued (River) Saoura River, western Algeria | 2003 or 2004 |
| Cyanea superba superba | (plant) | Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2003 |
| Cyanea pinnatifida | (plant) | Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2001 |
| Anaxyrus baxteri | Wyoming toad | Laramie Basin, Wyoming, USA | 2000's |
| Clermontia peleana peleana | (plant) | Hawaii (=Big Island) & Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA | 2000 |
Source for Hawaiian plants: Wood et al., 2019 (excluding Clermontia peleana peleana and Schiedea haakoaensis). Delissea argutidentata was formerly listed here (last wild record 2002) before its rediscovery in the wild in early March 2021.
References:
Ahmad, A. B. (2020). Speonectes tiomanensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T21168A89825048. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T21168A89825048.en. Accessed on 31 July 2022.
Allen, R. and Plummer, J. (2020). Musa yamiensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T123707256A123802066. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T123707256A123802066.en. Accessed on 24 July 2022.
Amice, R., Butin, J.-P., Fleurot, D., Garnier, D., Goxe, J., Hequet, V., Lannuzel, G., Suprin, B. and Veillon, J.-M. (2020). Tristaniopsis jaffrei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T171129478A171159426. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T171129478A171159426.en. Accessed on 10 July 2022.
Areta, J. I., Bodrati, A. and Cockle, K. (2009). Specialization on Guadua bamboo seeds by three bird species in the Atlantic forest of Argentina. Biotropica 41(1): 66-73.
Baier, F. and H.-J. Wiedl. (2010). The re-evaluated conservation status of the mountain populations of the highly endangered Cyprus Grass Snake, Natrix natrix cypriaca (Hecht, 1930), with miscellaneous natural history notes. Salamandra 46:16-23.
Barrabé, L., Amice, R., Bruy, D., Butin, J.-P., Fleurot, D., Garnier, D., Gâteblé, G., Goxe, J., Hequet, V., Lannuzel, G., Suprin, B. & Veillon, J.-M. (2019). Cyclophyllum tiebaghiense. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T158159683A158166500. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T158159683A158166500.en. Accessed on 08 July 2022.
Barratt, C. D., Lawson, L. P., Bittencourt-Silva, G. B., Doggart, N., Morgan-Brown, T., Nagel, P. and Loader, S. P. (2017). A new, narrowly distributed, and critically endangered species of spiny-throated reed frog (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from a highly threatened coastal forest reserve in Tanzania. Herpetological Journal 27: 13-24.
Becker, Penny A. and DeMay, Stephanie M. (2016). Re-introduction of the Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit in central Washington, USA, pp. 195-199. In: Soorae, P. S. (ed.). Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2016. Case-studies from around the globe. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Reintroduction Specialist Group and Abu Dhabi, UAE: Environment AgencyAbu Dhabi. xiv + 276 pp.
BirdLife International. (2016). Glaucidium mooreorum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22733081A95053803. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22733081A95053803.en. Downloaded on 21 February 2018.
Bota-Sierra, C.A., Novelo-Gutierrez, R., Sandoval-H, J. & Haber, W.A. (2021a). Epigomphus wagneri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T139164662A145943548. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T139164662A145943548.en. Accessed on 30 July 2022.
Bota-Sierra, C.A., Novelo-Gutierrez, R., Sandoval-H, J. & Haber, W.A. (2021b). Epigomphus morrisoni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T139164598A145943533. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T139164598A145943533.en. Accessed on 24 July 2022.
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Acknowledgements
I thank Jonathan Oliver for pointing out that I had failed to remove the Sehuencas water frog (Telmatobius yuracare) from Appendix 3.