Bivalvia (Mussels, Clams, Oysters etc.)
"Bivalves are molluscs, well-known to humans who have developed a taste for many of them. This group includes oysters, mussels, pipis, cockles, scallops and clams. The name bivalve means 'two valves'. The soft-bodied animals live inside the shell valves, which are joined together by a toothed hinge and a flexible ligament. When the animal inside dies, the ligament usually breaks and the shells are found washed up on the beach. Bivalve molluscs are found in aquatic environments, with the majority (about 80%) being marine species. In general, bivalves are filter feeders, passing water through their gills to extract organic food particles known as plankton. Bivalves tend not to be very mobile, settling in the one place as adults. Some attach themselves to hard surfaces using tough 'byssal threads', some burrow into the sand, and others, like oysters, cement themselves to a rock surface."
Source: https://australian.museum/learn/animals/molluscs/clams-mussels-pipis-and-oysters-class-bivalvia/
Order: Adapedonta
Family: Solenidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Solen oerstedii |
Mörch, 1860 |
- | <1860 | Puntarenas, Costa Rica | Missing | Access |
Order: Ostreida
Family: Ostreidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Magallana sikamea | (Amemiya, 1928) | Kumamoto oyster | (rediscovered) | China & Japan | Rediscovered in the Wild | Access |
Order: Pholadomyida
Family: Clavagellidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Bryopa lata | (Broderip, 1834) | - | (rediscovered) | Gulf of Mannar, India | Rediscovered | Access |
Family: Pandoridae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
|
Frenamya cristata |
(Carpenter, 1865) | - | <1865 | Gulf of California, Mexico | Missing | Access |
|
Pandora brevifrons |
G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 | - | <1835 | Bahia Panama, Panama | Missing | Access |
Family: Periplomatidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Periploma excurva | Carpenter, 1856 | - | <1856 | Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico | Missing if valid | Access |
Family: Pholadomyidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Pholadomya candida | Sowerby, 1823 | Caribbean piddock-clam | (rediscovered) | Caribbean & South America | Rediscovered | Access |
Order: Unionida
Family: Hyriidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Hyridella glenelgensis | (Dennant, 1898) | Glenelg freshwater mussel | (rediscovered) | South Australia & Crawford River, Victoria, Australia | Rediscovered | Access |
Family: Iridinidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Aspatharia divaricata | (von Martens, 1897) | - | 1898 | Lake Victoria, eastern Africa | Missing | Access |
| Chambardia letourneuxi | Servain, 1891 "1890" | - | early 1900's | Lower Nile, Egypt | Extinct | Access |
Family: Margaritiferidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Gibbosula crassa | (Wood, 1815) | Trai Cóc Dày | (rediscovered) | China & northern Vietnam | Rediscovered (taxonomically) | Access |
|
Gibbosula laosensis |
(Lea, 1863) | - | (rediscovered) | Laos & Vietnam | Rediscovered | Access |
|
Pseudunio auricularius |
(Spengler, 1793) | Spengler's freshwater mussel, Giant freshwater pearl mussel, Almeja de río, Margaritona, Náyade auriculada, Perla de río, Nàiade auriculada | (rediscovered) | France, Germany (extinct), Italy (extinct) & Spain | Rediscovered | Access |
| Pseudunio flabellatiformis | (Grigorovich-Beresovskiy, 1915) | - | Late Pleistocene | Moldova & Ukraine | Extinct | Access |
|
Pseudunio homsensis |
(Lea, 1865) | - | (rediscovered) | Lebanon, Syria & Turkey | Rediscovered | Access |
| Pseudunio marocanus | (Pallary, 1918) | - | (rediscovered) | Morocco | Rediscovered | Access |
Family: Mycetopodidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Anodontites moricandii | (Lea, 1860) | - | ? | Bahia, Brazil | Missing | Access |
Family: Unionidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Aculamprotula nodulosa | (Wood, 1815) | Trai Cóc Tròn, Trai Cóc Bầu Dục | 1990 or before | Yangtze River, southern China & northern Vietnam | Missing | Access |
| Alasmidonta mccordi | Athearn, 1964 | Coosa elktoe | 1956 | Coosa River, St. Clair County, Alabama, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Alasmidonta robusta | Clarke, 1981 | Carolina elktoe | 6 May 1882 or before | Long Creek, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Alasmidonta wrightiana | (Walker, 1901) | Ochlockonee arcmussel | 1931 | Ochlockonee River, Florida, USA | Missing or Extinct | Access |
| Anodonta dejecta | Lewis, 1875 | Woebegone floater | late 1800's (confirmed); 1922 (unconfirmed) | California, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Coelatura essoensis | (Chaper, 1885) | - | 1935 | canal within the Assinie Lagoon/Esso River, Côte d'Ivoire | Missing | Access |
| Coelatura rothschildi | (Neuville & Anthony, 1906) | - | subfossil or 1980's | Lake Turkana, northern Kenya | Missing or Extinct | Access |
| Ctenodesma borneensis | (Issel, 1874) | - | (rediscovered) | Borneo | Rediscovered | Access |
| Cuneopsis demangei | Haas, 1929 | Trùng Trục Ngắn | 1929 or early 1970's | Da River, Phu Tho Province, Việt Nam (Vietnam) | Extinct | Access |
| Elliptio nigella | (I. Lea, 1852) | Recovery pearly mussel, Winged spike | (rediscovered) | Apalachicola river system, Georgia, USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Epioblasma arcaeformis | (I. Lea, 1831) | Arc-form pearly mussel, Sugarspoon | c.1940 | Alabama, Kentucky & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma biemarginata | (I. Lea, 1857) | Angled riffleshell | 1970 | Alabama, Kentucky & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma cincinnatiensis | I. Lea, 1840 | Cincinnati riffleshell, Ohio riffleshell | late 1800's or 1909-1949 | Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma curtisii | (Frierson & Utterback, 1916) | Curtis pearlymussel, Curtis' pearlymussel, Curtus's pearlymussel | 6 July 1993 or 1994 | Arkansas & Missouri, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma flexuosa | (Rafinesque, 1820) | Arcuate Pearly Mussel, Leafshell, Northern Leafshell | 1900 or before | Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma florentina | (I. Lea, 1857) | Yellow blossom pearly mussel, Yellow blossom | 1967 or 1971 | Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee & Virginia, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma gubernaculum | (Reeve, 1865) | Green blossom pearly mussel, Green-blossom, Green-blossom naiad, Green-blossom pearly mussel, Green riffle shell | 1984 | Tennessee & Virginia, USA | Missing or Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma haysiana | (I. Lea, 1834) | Acorn pearly mussel, Acornshell | 1970's | Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee & Virginia, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma lenior | (I. Lea, 1842) | Narrow catspaw, Stone's pearly mussel | 1965 | Alabama & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma lewisii | (Walker, 1910) | Forkshell, Lewis’ pearly mussel | pre-1959 | Alabama, Kentucky & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma metastriata | (Conrad, 1838) | Upland combshell | 1986 or 19988 | Alabama, Georgia & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma obliquata | (Rafinesque, 1820) | Purple cat's paw pearlymussel, Catspaw | (rediscovered) | USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Epioblasma othcaloogensis | (I. Lea, 1857) | Southern acornshell, Southern acorn riffle shell | 1974 | Alabama, Georgia & Tennessee, USA | Missing or Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma perobliqua | (Conrad, 1836) | White catspaw, White cat's paw pearly mussel | October 1993 | Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan & Ohio, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma personata | Say, 1829 | Fine-rayed pearly mussel, Round snuffbox, Round combshell | 1924 | Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, [Oklahoma?] & Ohio, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma propinqua | (I. Lea, 1857) | Nearby pearly mussel, Tennessee riffleshell | 1901 | Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma sampsonii | I. Lea, 1861 | Sampson's naiad, Sampson's pearly mussel, Sampson's riffleshell, Wabash riffleshell | pre-1950 | Illinois, Indiana & Kentucky, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma stewardsonii | (Lea, 1852) | Cumberland leafshell, Steward's pearlymussel | c.1930 | Alabama, Kentucky & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma torulosa | (Rafinesque, 1820) | Tubercled blossom pearly mussel, Turberculed riffle shell, Tubercled blossom, Tubercled-blossom pearly mussel | 1969 or later | Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Epioblasma turgidula | Lea, 1858 | Turgid blossom, Turgid blossom pearly mussel, Turgid riffleshell, Turgid-blossom naiad | 1972 | Alabama, Arkansas & Tennessee, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Fusconaia mitchelli | (Simpson, 1895) | False spike | (rediscovered) | Texas, USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Lamprotula blaisei | Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905 | Trai Cóc Hình Lá | early 1970's | Việt Nam (Vietnam) | Missing | Access |
| Lamprotula liedtkei | Rolle, 1904 | Trai Cóc Bầu Dục | 1990 or before | northern Việt Nam (Vietnam) | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Lamprotula triclava | (Heude, 1877) | - | 1999 or before | Yangtze River, China | Missing | Access |
| Lampsilis binominata | Simpson, 1900 | Lined pocketbook | c.1973 | Alabama & Georgia, USA | Extinct | Access |
|
Lens fultoni |
(Haas, 1930) | - | early 1970's | Việt Nam (Vietnam) | Missing | Access |
| Medionidus mcglameriae | van der Schalie, 1939 | Tombigbee moccasinshell | ? | USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Medionidus simpsonianus | Walker, 1905 | Ochlockonee moccasinshell | (rediscovered) | Ochloknee River system, Florida & Georgia, USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Medionidus walkeri | (Wright, 1897) | Suwannee moccasinshell | (rediscovered) | Suwannee River basin, southeastern USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Modellnaia siamensis | Brandt, 1974 | - | 1974 | Mun River, Thailand | Missing | Access |
| Nodularia cariei | (Germain, 1919) | - | ? | "Mascarene Islands" | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Obovaria haddletoni | (Athearn, 1964) | Choctawhatchee pocketbook, Haddleton lampmussel | c.1970 | Choctawhatchee River, Dale County, Alabama, USA | Missing or Extinct | Access |
| Pleurobema altum | (Conrad, 1854) | Highnut | pre-1996 | Alabama & Georgia, USA | Invalid (nomen dubium) | Access |
| Pleurobema avellanum | Simpson, 1900 | Hazel pigtoe | ? | Alabama, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema bournianum | I. Lea, 1840 | Scioto pigtoe | ? | Ohio, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema chattanoogaense | (Lea, 1858) | Painted clubshell | (rediscovered) | Coosa River, southeastern USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema curtum | (I. Lea, 1859) | Black clubshell, Curtus's mussel | 1990 or 1992 | Alabama & Mississippi, USA | Missing or Extinct | Access |
| Pleurobema fibuloides | (Lea, 1859) | Kusha pigtoe, Highnut | pre-1996 | Alabama & Georgia, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Pleurobema flavidulum | I. Lea, 1861 | Yellow pigtoe | ? | Alabama, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema hagleri | (Frierson, 1900) | Brown pigtoe | ? | Alabama, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema hanleyianum | (Lea, 1852) | Georgia pigtoe | (rediscovered) | Coosa River, southeastern USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Pleurobema hartmanianum | (I. Lea, 1860) | Cherokee pigtoe | (rediscovered) | Coosa River, southeastern USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Pleurobema johannis | I. Lea, 1859 | Alabama pigtoe | ? | Alabama, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema marshalli | Frierson, 1927 | Flat pigtoe, Marshall's mussel | 1980 | Alabama & Mississippi, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Pleurobema murrayense | (Lea, 1868) | Coosa pigtoe | ? | USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema nucleopsis | Conrad, 1849 | Longnut | ? | Alabama & Georgia, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema perovatum | Conrad, 1834 | Ovate clubshell | early 1900's | Alabama, Georgia & Mississippi, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Pleurobema rubellum | (Conrad, 1834) | Warrior pigtoe | (rediscovered) | USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Pleurobema stabile | (Lea, 1861) | Coosa pigtoe | (rediscovered) | Coosa River, southeastern USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Pleurobema troschelianum | I. Lea, 1852 | Alabama clubshell | (rediscovered?) | Alabama, Georgia & Tennesse, USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Pleurobema verum | (I. Lea, 1861) | True pigtoe | 1930's | Alabama, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Pseudobaphia sp. nov. 'Việt Nam (Vietnam)' | - | - | early 1970's | Việt Nam (Vietnam) | Missing | Access |
| Quadrula couchiana | (Lea, 1860) | Rio Grande monkeyface | 1898 | Texas, USA | Missing | Access |
| Reginaia apalachicola | (Williams & Fradkin, 1999) | Apalachicola ebonyshell | c.1350 AD | Alabama, Florida & Georgia, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Theliderma stapes | (I. Lea, 1831) | Stirrupshell, Stirrup shell | 1984 or 1989 | Alabama & Mississippi, USA | Extinct | Access |
| Theliderma tuberosa | (Lea, 1840) | - | ? | USA | Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Truncilla cognata | (Lea, 1860) | Mexican fawnsfoot | (rediscovered) | Nuevo Leon, Mexico & Texas, USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Unio madagascariensis | Sganzin, 1841 | - | pre-1842 | Madagascar (eastern) | Invalid (nomen dubium) | Access |
| Unio malgachensis | Germain, 1911 | - | 1908-1909 | Madagascar | Invalid (nomen dubium) | Access |
Family incertae sedis
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Germainaia geayi | Germain, 1911 | - | 1904-1908 | "Madagascar" | Extinct | Access |
Order: Venerida
Family: Chamidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Chama producta | Broderip, 1835 | - | 1828-1830 | Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico | Missing | Access |
Family: Cyrenidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Corbicula linduensis | Bollinger, 1914 | - | ? | Lake Lindu, Sulawesi, Indonesia | Missing if valid | Access |
| Corbicula subplanata | Martens, 1897 | - | ? | Sulawesi, Indonesia | Missing | Access |
| Cyanocyclas brasiliana | (Deshayes, 1854) | - | (rediscovered) | Parnaíba River delta, northeastern Brazil | Rediscovered | Access |
Family: Dreissenidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Dreissena caspia caspia | Eichwald, 1855 | - | 1940's | Caspian Sea | Missing | Access |
| Dreissena caspia pallasi | (Andrusov, 1897) | - | 1980 | Aral Sea | Missing or Invalid (synonym) | Access |
| Dreissena elata elata | (Andrusov, 1897) | - | 1957 | Caspian Sea | Missing or Extinct (if valid) | Access |
Family: Galeommatidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Cymatioa cookae | (Willett, 1937) | - | (rediscovered) | California, USA | Rediscovered | Access |
| Scintilla thalassemicola | (Habe, 1962) | - | (rediscovered) | Japan | Rediscovered | Access |
Family: Petricolidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Petricola amygdalina | G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 | - | <1834 | Galapagos Islands, Ecuador | Missing if valid | Access |
Family: Sphaeriidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Eupera crassa | (Mandahl-Barth, 1954) | - | 1954 | Lake Victoria, eastern Africa | Missing | Access |
| Pisidium betafoense | Kuiper, 1953 | - | 1949 | Betafo, Madagascar (central) | Missing | Access |
| Pisidium clessini | Neumayr, 1875 | - | Late Pleistocene? | Europe | Extinct | Access |
Family: Tellinidae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Tellina cockburnensis | Kendrick & Brearley, 1984 | - | (rediscovered) | Western Australia, Australia | Rediscovered | Access |
Family: Veneridae
| Scientific Name | Author/s | Common Name | Last Record | Distribution | Status | Taxon Profile |
| Chinopsis crenifera | (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835) | - | <1835 | Ecuador & Peru | Missing | Access |
|
Cytherea inconspicua |
G. B. Sowerby I, 1835 | - | <1835 | Panama or Peru? | Missing | Access |
|
Pitar fluctuatus |
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1851) | - | <1851 | Ecuador | Missing | Access |
Statistics
| Conservation status | Number of taxa (in percentage) |
| Extinct | 31 (29.8%) |
| Missing | 21 (20.2%) |
| Extinct in the Wild | 0 |
| Possibly Extinct in the Wild | 0 |
| Globally Rediscovered | 23 (22.11%) |
| Rediscovered in the Wild | 1 (0.96%) |
| Reintroduced | 0 |
| Hypothetical | 0 |
| Invalid | 17 (16.35%) |
| Erroneously listed | 0 |
| Uncertain status | 11 (10.58%) |
| Total | 104 |