Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus Heude, 1892

Vietnamese Javan rhino(ceros)

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Missing

Last record: 29 April 2010

Distribution

Cambodia, Laos, Thailand (eastern) & Vietnam

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Heude, P. M. (1892). E´ tude sur les suillens. Chapitre II. Me´moires Concernant l’Histoire Naturelle de l’Empire Chinois par des Pe´res de la Compagnie de Jesus 2: 85-115 + plates XIX–XXIX.

Other references:

AsRSG (Asian Rhino Specialist Group) (2000). Action Plan 2000/2010 for the Preservation of the Vietnamese Rhino in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Bacon, Anne-Marie et al. (2018). A rhinocerotid-dominated megafauna at the MIS6-5 transition: The late Middle Pleistocene Coc Muoi assemblage, Lang Son province, Vietnam. Quaternary Science Reviews 186: 123-141. [Abstract]

Brook, Sara, Van Coeverden de Groot, Peter, Mahood, Simon and Long, Barney. (2011). Extinction of the Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) from Vietnam. WWF Report, 44 pp. [Warning: 11.86 MB file]

Brook, Sarah Maria et al. (2012). Integrated and novel survey methods for rhinoceros populations confirm the extinction of Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus from Vietnam. Biological Conservation 155: 59-67.

Brook, Sarah Maria et al. (2014). Lessons learned from the loss of a flagship: The extinction of the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus from Vietnam. Biological Conservation 174: 21-29. [Abstract]

Deuve, J. (1972). Les mammifères du Laos. Vientiane: Ministère de l’éducation nationale.

Fernando P, Polet G, Foead N, Ng LS, Pastorini J, Melnick DJ. 2006. Genetic diversity, phylogeny and conservation of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus). Conservation Genetics 7: 439-448.

Groves, Colin. (1995). Why the Cat Loc Rhinos are Javan. Asian Rhinos 2: 8-9.

Groves, Colin P. and Guerin, C. (1980). Le Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) d’Indochine: distinction taxinomique et anatomique; relations phyletiques. Ge´obios 13: 199-208.

Groves, Colin P. and Leslie Jr., David M. (2011). Rhinoceros sondaicus (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae). Mammalian Species 43(887): 190-208.

Holmes, Branden. (2021). What's Lost and What Remains: The Sixth Extinction in 100 Accounts (eBook). Self published.

Manh, Bui Huu. (2001). Rhino Patrol and Monitoring Units Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: Results of Rhino Survey August to December 2001. Technical Report No. 1. WWF Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Manh, Bui Huu. (2002). Rhino Patrol and Monitoring Units Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: Results of Rhino Survey June and July 2002. Technical Report No. 4. WWF Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Mouhot, H. (1864). Travels in the central parts of Indo-China (Siam), Cambodia and Laos, during the years 1858, 1859, and 1860, II. London: John Murray

Neese, H. C. (1975). Survival of the Javan Rhinoceros in Laos. Unpubl. report to New York Zoological Society.

Nguyen, Van Thanh, Polet, G. (2007). Monitoring of Javan Rhinoceros in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam July–December 2006. WWF – Asian Rhino and Elephant Action Strategy in Vietnam, Cat Tien National Park, AREAS Technical Report No. 11, Vietnam.

Polet, G., Tran Van Mui, Nguyen Xuan Dang, Bui Huu Manh and Mike Baltzer (1999): The Javan Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: Current status and management implications in Pachyderm 27: 34-48.

Poston, L. (2010). Javan rhino found dead in Vietnam. World Wildlife Fund press release, Washington, D.C. www.worldwildlife.org,

Rookmaaker, L. C. (1980). The distribution of the rhinoceros in eastern India, Bangladesh, China, and the Indo-Chinese region. Zool. Anz., Jena 205: 253-268.

Santiapillai, C., Giao, P. M. and Dung, V. V. (1993). Conservation and management of Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus) in Vietnam. Tiger Paper 20:7–15.

Schaller, G. B., Dang, N. X., Thuy, L. D. and Son, V. T. (1990). Javan rhinoceros in Vietnam. Oryx 24(2): 77-80. [Abstract]

Streicher, U., Newcomer, E., McCarty, D., Brook, S. and Bach Thanh Hai. (2010). Examination of a dead Javan rhinoceros, Cat Tien National Park Vietnam. WWF-Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam

van Strien, N.J., Steinmetz, R., Manullang, B., Sectionov, Han, K.H., Isnan, W., Rookmaaker, K., Sumardja, E., Khan, M.K.M. & Ellis, S. (2008). Rhinoceros sondaicus. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 22 October 2011.

Vuong Duy Lap, Phan Quoc Vinh, Lai Van Kiet, Le Van Tan and David Murphy (2004). Monitoring of Javan rhinoceros in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. Cat Tien National Park Conservation Project, AREAS technical report no. 8.

http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160920-we-know-exactly-how-the-vietnamese-javan-rhino-went-extinct

http://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/15522/rhinoceros-sondaicus-annamiticus-vietnamese-javan

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Rhinoceros sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1936

Sri Lankan rhinoceros

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Extinct

Distribution

Sri Lanka

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Chauhan, Parth R. (2008). Large mammal fossil occurrences and associated archaeological evidence in Pleistocene contexts of peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Quaternary International 192: 20-42, 7 figs, 3 tabs.

Deraniyagala, S. U. 2004. Prehistoric basis or the rise of civilisation in Sri Lanka and southern India. Sri Lanka Deputy High commissioner in Chennai. 28 pp.

Manamendra-Arachchi, K. N. and G. Adikari. 2011. Extinct large mammals of Pleistocene period in Sri Lanka. Abstract Volume, International Conference of the International Association for Asian Heritage 2011. 7th and 8th April 2011, Colombo. Page 8.

Manamendra-Arachchi, K., R. Pethiyagoda, R. Dissanayake & M. Meegaskumbura. 2005. A second extinct big cat from the late Quaternary of Sri Lanka. In: Yeo, D. C. J., K. L. Ng & R. Pethiyagoda (eds.). Contributions to biodiversity exploration and research in Sri Lanka. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 12: 423-434 pp.

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Rhinoceros sinensis Owen, 1870

Chinese rhino(ceros)

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Diceros sinensis Owen, 1870; Rhinoceros plicidens Koken, 1885; Rhinoceros simplicidens Koken, 1885

Conservation Status

Extinct

Last record: c. 66,000 BC (Louys, 2007).

Distribution

China

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Owen, Richard. (1870). On fossil remains of mammals found in china. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London 26: 417-434.

Other references:

Louys, Julien. (2007). Limited effect of the Quaternary’s largest super-eruption (Toba) on land mammals from Southeast Asia. Quaternary Science Reviews 26: 3108-3117.

Miller-Antonio, S., Schepartz, L. A. and Bakken, D. (2000). Raw material selection and evidence for rhinoceros tooth tools at Dadong Cave, southern China. Antiquity 74: 372-379. [tools made from R. sinensis teeth]

Osborn, Henry Fairfield. (1903). The extinct rhinoceroses. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1(3): 75-164.

Schepartz, L. A, and Miller-Antonio, S. (2008). Taphonomy, life history, and human exploitation of Rhinoceros sinensis at the Middle Pleistocene site of Panxian Dadong, Guizhou, China. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, published online DOI: 10.1002/oa.  

Tong, Haowen and Moigne, Anne-Marie. (2000). Quaternary Rhinoceros of China. Acta Anthropologica Sinica 19: 257-263.

Xuan-Hua, Nei. (2015). The distribution and transition of Rhinoceros sinensis in the perspective of environmental history. Journal of Wenshan Teachers College 28 (2): 68-73.

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Rhinoceros philippinensis von Koenig(s)wald, 1956

Philippine rhinoceros

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Extinct

Last record: Late Pleistocene

Subfossil remains of Late Pleistocene age were uncovered from Cagayan, in the north-east corner of the island of Luzon, in the Philippines.

Distribution

Luzon, Philippines

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Type locality: Laya, Cagayan, Luzon, Philippines.

A molar of R. philippensis can be seen here.

The text which accompanies the photograph, translated using Google Translator, is as follows:

"The specimen is part of the upper part of the right maxillary molar with two intact and a cracked molar rhinoceros. The rhinoceros is a mammal and a three foot thick nails. It has a massive body, large head and have one or two horns on the snout. The specimen has a length of 12.7 centimeters, a width of 6.87 centimeters, 9.47 centimeters with a thickness and weight 800 grams.

Mr. de Asis is discovered it on the 13th of May, 1965 fortress of Bonifacio. It was unearthed in the sediment fraction of thick deposits of volcanic ash called Guadalupe Formation."

Media

References

Original scientific description:

von Koenigwald, G. H. R. (1956). Fossil mammals from the Philippines. Proceedings of the Pacific Science Congress 1956: 339-361.

or,

Koenigswald, G. H. R. von. (1956). Fossil mammals from the Philippines. Proc. Fourth Far-eastern Prehistory Congress, Quezon City 1: 339-362.

Other references:

Ingicco, T. et al. (2018). Earliest known hominin activity in the Philippines by 709 thousand years ago. Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0072-8 [Abstract]

http://fossilworks.org/?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=164277

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