Tapirus merriami Frick, 1921

Merriam's tapir

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Extinct

Last record: Late Pleistocene

Distribution

USA

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Frick, C. 1921. Extinct vertebrate faunas of the badlands of Bautista Creek and San Timoteo Canon, southern California. University of California Publications in Geology 12(5):277-424, plates 43-50.

Other references:

Agenbroad, L. D., and W. R. Downs. 1984. A robust tapir from northern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 19(2):91-99.

Albright, L. B., III. 2000. Biostratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology of the San Timoteo Badlands, southern California. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 144:i-viii, 1-121, pls. 1-8.

Colbert, E. H. 1950. The fossil vertebrates. Pp. 126-148 in The stratigraphy and archaeology of Ventana Cave. University of Arizona Press and University of New Mexico Press, Tucson and Albuquerque.

Conkling, R. P. 1932. Conkling Cavern: The discoveries in the bone cave at Bishops Cap, New Mexico. West Texas Historical and Scientific Society Bulletin 44:39-41.

Harris, A. H. 1993. Quaternary vertebrates of New Mexico. Pp. 179-197, in Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 2:i-vii, 1-338.

Jefferson, G. T. (1989). Late Cenozoic tapirs (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) of western North America: Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 406: 1-22.

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Tapirus haysii Leidy, 1860 (1859?)

California tapir

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Tapirus copei Simpson, 1945

Conservation Status

Extinct

Last record: Late Pleistocene

Distribution

USA (incl. California & Florida)

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Leidy, J. (1859). Descriptions of vertebrate fossils, pp. 99-122. In: Holmes, F. S. (ed.). Post-Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina. Charleston, South Carolina: Russell and Jones.

Other references:

Baghai-Riding, Nina L., Husley, Danielle B., Beck, Christine and Blackwell, Eric. (2017). Late Pleistocene megafauna from Mississippi alluvium plain gravel bars. Paludicola 11(3): 124-147. [automatic download]

Harris, Arthur H. (1993). Quaternary vertebrates of New Mexico, pp. 179-197. In: Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 2:i-vii, 1-338.

Hulbert, R. C., Jr. (1995). The giant tapir, Tapirus haysii, from Leisey Shell Pit 1A and other Florida Irvingtonian localities: Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(2): 515-551.

Hulbert , Richard C. Jr. (2010). A new Early Pleistocene tapir (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) from Florida, with a review of Blancan tapirs from the state. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 49(3): 67-126.

van Linden, Lisa et al. (2022). Sagittal crest morphology decoupled from relative bite performance in Pleistocene tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae). Integrative Zoology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12627

Ray, C. E. (1964). Tapirus copei in the Pleistocene of Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 27: 59–66.

Ray, C. E. and Sanders, A. E. (1984). Pleistocene tapirs in the eastern United States, pp. 283–315. In Genoways, H. H. and Dawson, M. R. (eds.). Contributions in Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology: a Volume in Memorial to John E. Guilday. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Special Publication 8.

Simpson, George Gaylord. (1945). Notes on Pleistocene and Recent tapirs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 86(2): 33-82. [18.29 MB file]

Stovall, J. W. and Johnston, C. S. (1934). Tapirus haysii of Oklahoma: American Midland Naturalist 15: 92-93.

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Tapirus cristatellus Winge, 1906

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Extinct

Last record: Late Pleistocene or Holocene

Distribution

Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Winge, Herluf. (1906). Jordgundne og nulevende Hoydyr (Ungulata) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brasilien. E Museo Lundii 3: 1-239.

Other references:

Holanda, Elizete Celestino and Ferrero, Brenda Soledad. (2013). Reappraisal of the Genus Tapirus (Perissodactyla, Tapiridae): Systematics and Phylogenetic Affinities of the South American Tapirs. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 20(1): 33-44. [Abstract]

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Tapirus copei Simpson, 1945

Cope's tapir

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

A synonym of Tapirus haysii Leidy, 1860.

Conservation Status

Invalid (synonym)

Distribution

USA (incl. Mississippi)

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Faunmap working group. 1994 FAUNMAP: a database documenting late Quaternary distributions of mammal species in the United States. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers 25(1-2): 1-690.

Ferrusquía-Villafranca I., Arroyo-Cabrales J., Martínez-Hernández E., Gama-Castro J., Ruiz-González J., Polaco O.J., Johnson E. 2010 Pleistocene mammals of Mexico: A critical review of regional chronofaunas, climate change response and biogeographic provinciality. Quaternary International 217(1-2): 53-104.

Jefferson, George T. (1989). Late Cenozoic Tapirs (Mammalia: Perissodactyla) of Western North America. Contributions in Science 406.

Otvos, E. G. Jnr. (1980). Age of Tunica Hills (Louisiana-Mississippi) Quaternary fossiliferous creek deposits; Problems of radiocarbon dates and intermediate valley terraces in coastal plains. Quaternary Research 13(1): 80-92.

Ray, Clayton E. (1964). Tapirus copei in the Pleistocene of Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 27(1): 59-66. [First page]

Smith F.A., Lyons S.K., Ernest S.K.M., Jones K.E., Kaufman D.M., Dayan T., Marquet P.A., Brown J.H., Haskell J.P. 2003 Body mass of late Quaternary mammals. Ecology 84(12): 3403-3403.