Ophiorrhiza brunonis brunonis Wight & Arn. (1834)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Ophiorrhiza brunonis hirsutior Wight ex Hook.f.
Conservation Status
Last record: 1952 (Nayar & Sastry, 1987:333)
Rediscovered in: 2002 or before [date unspecified] (Sasidharan, 2002); 2012/13 (https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/259313; fide Humphreys et al., 2019)
Was listed as Extinct by (WCMC, 1992:221).
Distribution & Habitat
India
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Khoshoo, T. N. (1996). India needs a National Biodiversity Conservation Board. Current Science 71(7): 506-513.
Nayar, M. P. and Sastry, A. R. K. (compilers). (1987, reprinted 2000). Red Data Book of Indian Plants. Volume 1. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. xiii + 367 pp, 16 pls, figs. [pp. 333-334]
Rao, C. Kameswara, Geetha, B. L. and Suresh, Geetha. (2003). Red List of Threatened Vascular Plant Species in India: Compiled from the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. xxiv + 144 pp. [automatic download]
Sasidharan, N. (2002). Floristic studies in Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary. KFRI Research Report, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi.
Sivaraj, N., Venkateswaran, Kamala, Pandravada, S. R., Reddy, M. Thirupathi Reddy and Rajasekharan, P. E. (2020). Threatened Medicinal Plants of Eastern Ghats and Their ConservationThreatened Medicinal Plants of Eastern Ghats and Their Conservation, pp. 31-62. In: Rajasekharan, P. E. and Wani, Shabir Hussain (eds.). Conservation and Utilization of Threatened Medicinal Plants. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. xviii + 565 pp.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1992). Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources. London: Chapman & Hall. xx + 594 pp.
https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/259313
https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/m---z/r/rubiaceae/ophiorrhiza/ophiorrhiza-brunonis
https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/forestry/forestry_threatened_plants_tamil_nadu.pdf
Ophiorrhiza barnesii C.E.C. Fisch.
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Last record: 1937 (Nayar & Sastry, 1987:331); 1939
Rediscovered in ?
Still listed as extinct by (Humphreys et al., 2019)
Distribution
India
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Fischer, C. E. C. (1939). New or little-known plants from southern India: X. Bulletin of the Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). 1939: 248-249.
Other references:
Henry, A. N., Vivekananthan, K. and Nair, N. C. (1978). Rare and Threatened Flowering Plants of South India. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 75: 684-697 [690].
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Kumar, E.S.S., P.E. Roy & S.M. Shareef. (2013). Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza barnesii C.E.C. Fisch. (Rubiaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5(7): 4115-4117.
Nair, Akhilesh S. V. et al. (2023). The identity of Ophiorrhiza barnesii (Rubiaceae) – a critically endangered and endemic species of the southern Western Ghats, India. Rheedea 33(2): 87-91.
Nayar, M. P. and Sastry, A. R. K. (compilers). (1987, reprinted 2000). Red Data Book of Indian Plants. Volume 1. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. xiii + 367 pp, 16 pls, figs. [pp. 331-332]
Rao, C. Kameswara, Geetha, B. L. and Suresh, Geetha. (2003). Red List of Threatened Vascular Plant Species in India: Compiled from the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. xxiv + 144 pp. [automatic download]
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
Ochrosia tahitensis Laness. ex Pichon (1947:207)
Tamore Mou'a
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Rediscovered [by implication] (Meyer, 2020) or Erroneously listed as Extinct (Florence, 1998; Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88; Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022)
IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered
Still listed as Extinct by (Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022)
Distribution
Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]
Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.
Butaud J.-F. and Meyer, J.-Y. (2004). Plans de conservation pour des plantes menacées et/ou protégées en Polynésie française. Contribution à la Biodiversité de Polynésie française. Service du Développement Rural, Délégation à la Recherche, Papeete.
Florence, J. (1996). Liste des espèces endémiques de Polynésie Française avec leur répartition géographique et leur statut IUCN, tirée de la banque de données botaniques NADEAUD (unpublished).
Florence, J. (1998). Ochrosia tahitensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T35045A9908232. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T35045A9908232.en. Downloaded on 17 September 2016.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Meyer, J.-Y. (2020). Ochrosia tahitensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T35045A117415189. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T35045A117415189.en. Accessed on 17 June 2024.
Meyer, J.-Y. and Butaud, J.-F. (2009). The impacts of rats on the endangered native flora of French Polynesia (Pacific Islands): Drivers of plant extinction or coup de grâce species?. Biological Invasions 11: 1569-1585.
Meyer, Jean-Yves, Pouteau, Robin and Vincent, Florian. (2022). Assessing habitat suitability for the translocation of Ochrosia tahitensis (Apocynaceae), a critically endangered endemic plant from the island of Tahiti (South Pacific). Journal for Nature Conservation 68: 126198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126198
Oldfield, Sara, Lusty, Charlotte and MacKinven, Amy (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Press. 650 pp.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
W.C.M.C. (1996). Threatened plant database of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. W.C.M.C., Cambridge, U.K.
https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiC9un3npXPAhXEupQKHWM0CWoQFggfMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.li-an.fr%2Fjyves%2FMeyer_%2526_Butaud_2009_Biological_Invasions_11_Rats_%2526_Endangered_Flora.pdf&usg=AFQjCNEE9iHm1w4XISPAR-PmrjfDHe6Flg&sig2=laqCpcJscNKI9vBS3ut0Jw
Ochrosia fatuhivensis Fosberg & Sachet (1972:48)
Ho’ei
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Last record: 19 January 1922 (Lorence & Butaud, 2020 [as 1922])
Rediscovered in 2009 (Lorence & Butaud, 2011, 2020)
IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered
Still listed Extinct by (Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88).
Distribution
Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.
Brown, F. B. H. (1935). Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 130: 1-386.
Florence, J. (1996). Liste des espèces endémiques de Polynésie Française avec leur répartition géographique et leur statut IUCN, tirée de la banque de données botaniques NADEAUD (unpublished).
Florence, J. (1998). Ochrosia fatuhivensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T35043A9908118. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T35043A9908118.en. Downloaded on 17 September 2016.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Lorence, David H. and Butaud, Jean-François. (2011). A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations. PhytoKeys 4: 95-107.
Lorence, David H. and Butaud, Jean-François. (2020). Ochrosia fatuhivensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T35043A43524478. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T35043A43524478.en. Accessed on 16 June 2024.
Oldfield, Sara, Lusty, Charlotte and MacKinven, Amy (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Press. 650 pp.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
W.C.M.C. (1996). Threatened plant database of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. W.C.M.C., Cambridge, U.K.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochrosia_fatuhivensis
Ochrosia brownii (Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud (2011:97)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Neisosperma brownii Fosberg & Sachet in Micronesica 8: 49 (1972); Neiosperma brownii Fosberg & Sachet, 1972:49 (sic)
Conservation Status
Extinct in the Wild (Lorence & Butaud, 2020; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024; contra Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88)
Last (and only) record: 1921 (Lorence & Butaud, 2020)
Rediscovered on: 2 January 2003 (Butaud, 2003; Lorence & Butaud, 2020 [as 2003])
Last wild record: 2003 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024); after 2003 (Lorence & Butaud, 2020)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct in the Wild
First and last recorded in 1921, until it was rediscovered on 2 January 2003 (Butaud, 2003). However, the single known mature individual (with juveniles) all died several years ago (including from rat predation on seeds), and the species is now considered Extinct in the Wild.
Distribution
Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Fosberg, F. R. and Sachet, M-H. (1972). Plants of Southeastern Polynesia 2. Micronesica 8: 43-50.
Other references:
Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.
Brown, F. B. H. (1935). Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. III. Dicotyledons. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 130. Kraus Reprint, New York (1971).
Butaud, Jean-François. (2003). Rapport de mission à Nuku Hiva du 7 au 17 février 2003. Service du Développement Rural. Rapport non publié.
Butaud, Jean-François and Meyer, Jean-Yves. (2004). Plans de conservation pour des plantes menacées et/ou protégées en Polynésie française. Contribution à la Biodiversité de Polynésie française N°11. Service du Développement Rural/Délégation à la Recherche, Papeete, 51 pages.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Dalrymple, S. E., Abeli, T., Ewen, J. G., Gilbert, T. C., Hogg, C. J., Lloyd, N. A., Moehrenschlager, A., Rodríguez, J. P. and Smith, D. (2023). Addressing Threats and Ecosystem Intactness to Enable Action for Extinct in the Wild Species. Diversity 15: 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020268
Florence, J. 1996. Liste des espèces endémiques de Polynésie Française avec leur répartition géographique et leur statut IUCN, tirée de la banque de données botaniques NADEAUD (unpublished).
Florence, J. (1998). Ochrosia brownii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T35042A9908061. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T35042A9908061.en. Downloaded on 17 September 2016.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Lorence, David H. and Butaud, Jean-François. (2011). A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations. PhytoKeys 4: 95-107. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1599
Lorence, David H. and Butaud, Jean-François. (2020). Ochrosia brownii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T35042A43520162. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T35042A43520162.en. Accessed on 10 June 2022.
Oldfield, Sara, Lusty, Charlotte and MacKinven, Amy (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Press. 650 pp.
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 16 June 2024]
Smith, Donal et al. (2023). Extinct in the wild: The precarious state of Earth’s most threatened group of species. Science 379(6634): eadd2889. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add2889
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
W.C.M.C. (1996). Threatened plant database of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. W.C.M.C., Cambridge, U.K.