Riocreuxia flanaganii alexandrina H.E.Huber

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Ceropegia flanaganii Schltr. var. alexandrina H.Huber; Riocreuxia alexandrina (H.Huber) R.A.Dyer; Riocreuxia flanaganii Schltr. subsp. alexandrina (H.Huber) R.A.Dyer

Conservation Status

Rediscovered in 2013

Distribution

Umzinto district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Dyer, R.A. 1979. ASCLEPIADACEAE: The Riocreuxia flanaganii complex. Bothalia 12(4):632.

Dyer, R.A. 1980. Brachystelma, Ceropegia and Riocreuxia. In: O.A. Leistner (ed). Flora of Southern Africa 27 Part 4:1-88. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria.

Grieve, Kate and Grieve, Graham. (2015). Critically Endangered, Possibly Extinct Riocreuxia rediscovered in KZN news. Veld & Flora 101(4): 187. [Abstract]

Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Masinde, P.S. 2005. A revision of the African genus Riocreuxia Decne. (Apocynaceae:Asclepiadiodeae-Ceropegieae). Kew Bulletin 60(3):401-434.

Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.

Scott-Shaw, C.R. 1999. Rare and threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal and neighbouring regions. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service, Pietermaritzburg.

von Staden, L., Grieve, G. & Mtshali, H. 2015. Riocreuxia flanaganii Schltr. var. alexandrina H.E.Huber. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. Accessed on 2017/06/08.

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Rauvolfia nukuhivensis (Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud (2011:102)

Tu’eiao

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Ochrosia nukuhivensis Fosberg & Sachet in Micronesica 8: 48 (1972)

Conservation Status

Last (and only) record: 20 June 1921 (Lorence & Butaud, 2011)

Rediscovered on: 20 April 1964 (specimen); 2011 or before (recognition) (both Lorence & Butaud, 2011)

IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered

Still listed as Extinct by (Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88; Humphreys et al., 2019)

Distribution

Nuku Hiva & Ua Huka, Marquesas islands, French Polynesia

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Fosberg, F. R. and Sachet, M.-R. (1972). Plants of Southeastern Polynesia 2. Micronesica 8: 43-50.

Other references:

Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.

Butaud, J.-F. (2014). Inventaire et écologie du Tu'eiao (Rauvolfia nukuhivensis), arbre en danger critique d'extinction endémique de l'île de Nuku Hiva (Marquises). Rapport final. Direction de l’environnement. Tahiti (unpublished).

Butaud, J.-F. (2020). Rauvolfia nukuhivensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T35044A43525012. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T35044A43525012.en. Accessed on 17 June 2024.

Florence, J. (1996). Liste des espèces endémiques de Polynésie Française avec leur répartition géographique et leur statut IUCN, tirée de la banque de données botaniques NADEAUD (unpublished).

Florence, J. (1998). Rauvolfia nukuhivensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T35044A9908175. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T35044A9908175.en. Downloaded on 17 September 2016.

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

Lorence, David H. and Butaud, Jean-François. (2011). A reassessment of Marquesan Ochrosia and Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae) with two new combinations. PhytoKeys 4: 95-107.

Oldfield, Sara, Lusty, Charlotte and MacKinven, Amy (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Press. 650 pp.

POWO. (2018). Plants of the World online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://e-monocot.org/.

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

W.C.M.C. (1996). Threatened plant database of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. W.C.M.C., Cambridge, U.K.

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Ramosmania rodriguesii Tirveng. (1989:14)

Café marron

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Extinct in the Wild (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)

Last wild record: 1989 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)

IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered

Distribution

Rodrigues, Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Tirvengadum, D. D. (1989). Ramosmania rodriguesii, nouvelle rubiacée endémique de Rodrigues (Mascareignes). Compte Rendu des Séances de la Société de Biogéographie 65(1): 13-20.

Other references:

Anonymous. (1985). Choosing the 24 most Endangered Species. Species Survival Commission Newsletter 5: 17-23.

Anonymous. (1998). Mascarene survivor cloned. Plant Talk 1998: 15.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]

Janzen, D. H. (2001). Latent extinctions – the Living Dead, in Levin, S.A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity vol. 3. Academic Press, New York, 689-699.

Magdalena, Carlos. (2004). Ramosmania rodriguesii: New hope for a doomed genus. RBG Kew, School of Horticulture. Unpublished.

Magdalena, Carlos. (2010). Raising the living dead: Ramosmania rodriguesii. Sibbaldia 8: 63-73.

Moutia, S. (1984). Randia heterophylla Balf. F. is not extinct in Rodrigues. Mauritius Institute Bulletin 10, 123.

Oldfield, Sara, Lusty, Charlotte and MacKinven, Amy (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Press. 650 pp.

Owens, S.J., Jackson, A., Maunder, M., Rudall, P. & Johnson, M.A.T. (1993). The breeding system of Ramosmania heterophylla – dioecy or heterostyly? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 113: 77-86. [Abstract]

POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 10 November 2024]

Rivers, M., Shaw, K., Beech, E. and Jones, M. (2015). Conserving the World’s Most Threatened Trees: A global survey of ex situ collections. BGCI. Richmond, UK.

Strahm, W. (1983). Rodrigues: can its flora be saved? Oryx 17: 122-125.

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1998). Ramosmania rodriguesii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T33659A9801264. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33659A9801264.en. Downloaded on 10 December 2015.

https://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/2123/ramosmania-heterophylla

https://www.kew.org/sites/default/files/2019-01/Kew%20Patron%20Brochure%202017.pdf

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Ramosmania heterophylla (Balf.f.) Tirveng. & Verdc. (1982:327)

Café marron

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Randia heterophylla Balf.f. in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 14 (1877)

Conservation Status

Extinct (Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)

Last record: 1938 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)

Distribution

Mauritius & Rodrigues, Mascarene Islands

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]

Anonymous. (1985). Choosing the 24 most Endangered Species. Species Survival Commission Newsletter 5: 17-23.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 10 November 2024]

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

WCSP. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/

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