Ophiorrhiza codyensis Gamble
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Rediscovered
Distribution
Western Ghats, India
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran et al. (2020). Revisiting the taxonomy of Ophiorrhiza codyensis and lectotypification of O. pykarensis (Rubiaceae), two endemic taxa of the Western Ghats. Phytotaxa 452(2): 173-179. [Abstract]
Rao, C. Kameswara, Geetha, B. L. and Suresh, Geetha. (2003). Red List of Threatened Vascular Plant Species in India: Compiled from the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. xxiv + 144 pp. [automatic download]
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
https://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/4291/ophiorrhiza-codyensis
Gentianella clelandii (L.G.Adams) Glenny (2004:518)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Chionogentias clelandii L.G.Adams in Austral. Syst. Bot. 8: 968 (1995)
Conservation Status
Missing (Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6 [as 'Likely extinct'], 2021:7) or Extinct (POWO, 2023; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
Last record: 1947 (Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6, 2021:7; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
"Only known from one locality, collected in 1947; has probably become extinct due to swamps being modified and heavily grazed"
(Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6)
Distribution & Habitat
South Australia, Australia
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Adams, L. G. (1995). Chionogentias (Gentianaceae), a new generic name for the Australasian 'snow-gentians',and a revision of the Australian species. Australian Systematic Botany 8: 935-1011.
Other references:
Adams, L. G. (1996). Gentianaceae, pp. 72-104 [101]. In: Wilson, Annette (ed.). Flora of Australia Volume 28, Gentianales. Melbourne: CSIRO Australia. xxi + 335 pp.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Glenny, David. (2004). A revision of the genus Gentianella in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42(3): 361-530. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512910
POWO. (2023). Gentianella clelandii (L.G.Adams) Glenny. Plants of the World Online (online resource). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 8 December 2023]
Silcock, Jen L., Field, Ashley R., Walsh, Neville G. and Fensham, Roderick J. (2019). To name those lost: assessing extinction likelihood in the Australian vascular flora. Oryx 54(2): 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318001357 [Supplementary Material]
Silcock, Jen L., Collingwood, Teghan, Llorens, Tanya and Fensham, Rod. (2020). Action Plan for Australia's Imperilled Plants 2020. Brisbane: NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub. 339 pp.
Silcock, Jen L., Collingwood, Teghan, Llorens, Tanya and Fensham, Rod. (2021). Action Plan for Australia's Imperilled Plants 2021. Brisbane: NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub. 342 pp.
Gentiana wingecarribiensis L.G.Adams (1988:172)
Wingecarribee gentian, Swamp gentian
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Gentianella wingecarribiensis (nomen nudum) [used by Silcock et al., 2019]
Conservation Status
Missing (cf. Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6, 2020:7, 2021:7) or Extinct (Low & Booth, 2023; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
Last record: 1994 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024); 2000 (Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6, 2020:7, 2021:7)
"Cryptic/enigmatic, but no plants found in past 15 years [and high degree of habitat modification]"
(Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6, 2020:7, 2021:7)
"Main threats are hydrological change from sedimentation, peat mining, peat oxidation, pine plantations, trampling by cattle and feral pigs and weed invasion (Kodela et al., 1994, NSW Scientific Committee, 2008). These threats are associated with local disappearances of the species, hence P(local) is set high, but the potential existence of a soil seed bank suggests some propensity for persistence through unfavourable periods of unknown duration. The range is unlikely to be much larger than previously known, but there are also some swamps in the west of the distribution that have not been thoroughly searched, and its small size and cryptic annual life cycle suggests a possibility that some populations remain undiscovered. Hence P(spatial) has large bounds. One confirmed and one uncertain location are modified by intensive agriculture with associated livestock and weeds, including one site severely impacted by mining. The third site is exposed to sedimentation associated with forestry with feral pig activity and cattle grazing, apparently transformed to a lesser degree than the other sites."
(Keith et al., 2017:323)
Distribution & Habitat
New South Wales, Australia
"Peat swamps - herblands with emergent shrubs"
(Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6)
"restricted to margins of two or three temperate mesotrophic mires of the Robertson plateau in southeast Australia."
(Keith et al., 2017:323)
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Adams, L. G. (1996). Gentianaceae, pp. 72-104 [89]. In: Wilson, Annette (ed.). Flora of Australia Volume 28, Gentianales. Melbourne: CSIRO Australia. xxi + 335 pp.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Colyvan, Mark et al. (1999). The treatment of uncertainty and the structure of the IUCN threatened species categories. Biological Conservation 89: 245-249.
Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS G: 1-40325.
Keith, David A., Butchart, S. H. M., Regan, H. M., Harrison, I., Ackakaya, H. R., Solow, A. R. and Burgman, M. A. (2017). Inferring extinctions I: a structured method using information on threats. Biological Conservation 214: 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.07.026
Keith, David A., Chalson, Jane M. and Auld, Tony D. (1997). Assessing the status of threatened plants: A new methodology and an application to the vascular flora of New South Wales. Project No. 450, Endangered Species Program. Canberra: Biodiversity Group, Environment Australia.
Kodela, P. G., James, T. A. and Hind, P. D. (1994). Observations on the ecology and conservation status of the rare herb Gentiana wingecarribiensis. Cunninghamia 3: 535-541.
Low, Tim and Booth, Carol. (2023). GONE: Australian animals extinct since the 1960s. Invasive Species Council Inc.
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 26 October 2024]
Silcock, Jen L., Field, Ashley R., Walsh, Neville G. and Fensham, Roderick J. (2019). To name those lost: assessing extinction likelihood in the Australian vascular flora. Oryx 54(2): 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318001357 [Supplementary Material]
Silcock, Jen L., Collingwood, Teghan, Llorens, Tanya and Fensham, Rod. (2020). Action Plan for Australia's Imperilled Plants. Brisbane: NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub. 339 pp.
Silcock, Jen L., Collingwood, Teghan, Llorens, Tanya and Fensham, Rod. (2021). Action Plan for Australia's Imperilled Plants. Brisbane: NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub. 342 pp.
https://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/4286/gentiana-wingecarribiensis
Crucianella parviflora Ehrend.
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Rediscovered
Distribution
Iran & Iraq
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Maroofi, Hosein and Rastegar, Azad. (2020). Rediscovery of Crucianella parviflora (Rubiaceae), after more than 70 years of its original collection—a new record for the flora of Iran. Phytotaxa 451(3): 251-255. [Abstract]
Matelea balbisii (Dcne.) Woods.
Balbis' milkvine
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Pherotrichis balbisii
Conservation Status
Rediscovered
Was listed as Extinct by (WCMC, 1992:215).
Distribution
Arizona, USA & Mexico
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
CPC (1990). Centre for plant conservation data for North American plants database. CPC, Centre for plant conservation.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Kearney, T.H., R.H. Peebles, and collaborators. 1951. Arizona flora. 2nd edition with Supplement (1960) by J.T. Howell, E. McClintock, and collaborators. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1085 pp.
Martin, P.S., D. Yetman, M. Fishbein, P. Jenkins, T.R. Van Devender, and R.K. Wilson. 1998. Gentry's Rio Mayo plants; The tropical deciduous forest & environs of northwest Mexico. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson. 558 pp. + map.
Missouri Botanical Garden. Online nomenclatural database (vascular plants). http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/vast.html.
Shreve, F., and I.L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran Desert. 2 volumes. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford. 1740 pp.
Vazquez G., J.A., R. Cuevas G., T.S. Cochrane, H.H. Iltis, F.J. Santana M., and L. Guzman H. 1995. Flora de Manantlan. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Inc., Fort Worth, TX. 312 pp.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1992). Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources. London: Chapman & Hall. xx + 594 pp.