Kadua foliosa Hillebr. (1888:164)

Leafy bluet

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Hedyotis foliosa (Hillebr.) Fosberg in Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 174: 44 (1943)

Conservation Status

Missing (Wood et al., 2019:9) or Extinct (Wagner et al., 1999:46; Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)

Last record: 1870 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024); pre-1872 (Wood et al., 2019:9); 1870's (NatureServe, 2024)

This species has been identified as one of the 50 best candidates for de-extinction, ranking 38/50 (Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022).

Distribution

Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Hillebrand, W. F. (1888). Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams. Facsimile ed., 1981. Lubrecht & Cramer, Monticello, NY. 673 pp.

Other references:

Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]

Fosberg, F. R. (1943). The Polynesian species of Hedyotis (Rubiaceae). Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 174: 1-102.

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

NatureServe. (2024). NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: https://explorer.natureserve.org/ [Accessed 3 September 2024]

POWO. (2018). Plants of the World online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://e-monocot.org/.

POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 3 September 2024]

Terrell, E. E., Robinson, H. E., Wagner, W. L. and Lorence, D. H. (2005). Resurrection of Genus Kadua for Hawaiian Hedyotidinae (Rubiaceae), with emphasis on seed and fruit characters and notes on South Pacific species. Systematic Botany 30: 818-833.

Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.

Wagner, Warren L., Herbst, D. R. and Sohmer, S. H. (1990). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Univ. Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1853 pp.

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.

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Ixora rangonensis Bremek.

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Rediscovered

Distribution

Assam, India & Myanmar (=Burma)

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

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Neoschumannia kamerunensis Schltr.

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Rediscovered

Distribution

Cameroon, Central African Republic & Côte d'Ivoire

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Cheek, Martin and Cable, Stuart. (1997). Plant inventory for conservation management: the Kew-Earthwatch programme in Western Cameroon, 1993-96, pp. 29-38. In: Doolan, Seán. African Rainforests and the Conservation of Biodiversity. Proceedings of the Limbe Conference, Limbe Botanic Garden, Cameroon, 17-24 January 1997. Earthwatch Europe. [p. 34]

Meve, U. (1997). Neoschumannia kamerunensis Schltr. (Asclepiadaceae) rediscovered in Cameroon after nearly a century. Bot. Jahrb. 119(3): 427-435.

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Whitesloanea crassa (N.E.Br.) Chiov.

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Caralluma crassa N.E. Br. (basionym); Drakebrockmania crassa (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane

Conservation Status

Rediscovered twice

"Not far from Sheikh is a barren stony hillside which is assumed to be the type locality of the remarkable stapeliad Whitesloanea crassa, discovered in 1914, not rediscovered until 1957 (see Cactus & Succulent Journal of America 31: 107. 1959), and subsequently thought to be possibly extinct (Nat. Cact. Succ. J. 30: 34. 1975)."

(Johnson, 1982:14)

"Somalia is very appealing to many lovers of succulent plants for various good reasons. Somalia is a very difficult and dangerous travel destination and yet it is the natural habitat of a great number of rare and difficult to cultivate, oddly shaped and ultra succulent plants of various plant families. Whitesloanea crassa, (N.E.Br.) Chiov. once believed extinct and then rediscovered, is just one example."

(van Veldhuisen, 2022:20)

Distribution

Somalia

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Brown, N. E. (1935). Plants New or Noteworthy. Caralluma crassa, N. E. Br. Gdnrs' Chron. (3) 98: 6.

Other references:

Bally, P. R. O. (1959). Three Interesting Stapeliads from Somaliland. Cactus Succul. J. Am. 31: 107-111.

Bally, P. R. O. (1961). White-sloanea crassa. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: t. 1338.

Bally, P. R. O., Horwood, F. K. and Lavranos, J. J. (1975). A Monograph of the Genera Pseudolithos and Whitesloanea. The National Cactus and Succulent Journal 30(2): 31-36. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42791977

Bruyns, P. V. (1998). The relationships of Whitesloanea crassa. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 55(1): 27-37.

Chiovendra, E. (1937). Di un nuovo Genere della Famiglia Asclepiadaceae Sect. Stapelieae. Malpighia 34: 541-542.

Johnson, Margaret. (1982). Camel's Milk and Aloes: The travels of a Kew Expedition to Somalia. The Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great Britain 44(1): 9-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42786452

Lucas, Grenville Llewellyn and Synge, Hugh (compilers). (1978). The IUCN Plant Red Data Book. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN. 540 pp. [pp. 77-78]

Rauth, W. and Rauth, H. (1974). Baja California. The National Cactus and Succulent Journal 29(2): 44-51. ["possibly extinct"]

Rowley, G. (1973). Save the Succulents! A practical step to aid conservation. Cact. Succ. J. Am. 45: 9.

van Veldhuisen, Rikus. (2022). Euphorbia horwoodii S. Carter & J. Lavranos. Euphorbia World 18: 20-26.

White, A. and Sloane, B. L. (1937). The Stapelieae I. Pasadena, California, pp. 401-403.

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