Gentiana wingecarribiensis L.G.Adams (1988:172)

Wingecarribee gentian, Swamp gentian

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Gentianella wingecarribiensis (nomen nudum) [used by Silcock et al., 2019]

Conservation Status

Missing (cf. Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6, 2020:7, 2021:7) or Extinct (Low & Booth, 2023; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)

Last record: 1994 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024); 2000 (Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6, 2020:7, 2021:7)

"Cryptic/enigmatic, but no plants found in past 15 years [and high degree of habitat modification]"

(Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6, 2020:7, 2021:7)

"Main threats are hydrological change from sedimentation, peat mining, peat oxidation, pine plantations, trampling by cattle and feral pigs and weed invasion (Kodela et al., 1994, NSW Scientific Committee, 2008). These threats are associated with local disappearances of the species, hence P(local) is set high, but the potential existence of a soil seed bank suggests some propensity for persistence through unfavourable periods of unknown duration. The range is unlikely to be much larger than previously known, but there are also some swamps in the west of the distribution that have not been thoroughly searched, and its small size and cryptic annual life cycle suggests a possibility that some populations remain undiscovered. Hence P(spatial) has large bounds. One confirmed and one uncertain location are modified by intensive agriculture with associated livestock and weeds, including one site severely impacted by mining. The third site is exposed to sedimentation associated with forestry with feral pig activity and cattle grazing, apparently transformed to a lesser degree than the other sites."

(Keith et al., 2017:323)

Distribution & Habitat

New South Wales, Australia

"Peat swamps - herblands with emergent shrubs"

(Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6)

"restricted to margins of two or three temperate mesotrophic mires of the Robertson plateau in southeast Australia."

(Keith et al., 2017:323)

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Adams, L. G. (1996). Gentianaceae, pp. 72-104 [89]. In: Wilson, Annette (ed.). Flora of Australia Volume 28, Gentianales. Melbourne: CSIRO Australia. xxi + 335 pp.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]

Colyvan, Mark et al. (1999). The treatment of uncertainty and the structure of the IUCN threatened species categories. Biological Conservation 89: 245-249.

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS G: 1-40325.

Keith, David A., Butchart, S. H. M., Regan, H. M., Harrison, I., Ackakaya, H. R., Solow, A. R. and Burgman, M. A. (2017). Inferring extinctions I: a structured method using information on threats. Biological Conservation 214: 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.07.026

Keith, David A., Chalson, Jane M. and Auld, Tony D. (1997). Assessing the status of threatened plants: A new methodology and an application to the vascular flora of New South Wales. Project No. 450, Endangered Species Program. Canberra: Biodiversity Group, Environment Australia.

Kodela, P. G., James, T. A. and Hind, P. D. (1994). Observations on the ecology and conservation status of the rare herb Gentiana wingecarribiensis. Cunninghamia 3: 535-541.

Low, Tim and Booth, Carol. (2023). GONE: Australian animals extinct since the 1960s. Invasive Species Council Inc.

POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 26 October 2024]

Silcock, Jen L., Field, Ashley R., Walsh, Neville G. and Fensham, Roderick J. (2019). To name those lost: assessing extinction likelihood in the Australian vascular flora. Oryx 54(2): 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318001357 [Supplementary Material]

Silcock, Jen L., Collingwood, Teghan, Llorens, Tanya and Fensham, Rod. (2020). Action Plan for Australia's Imperilled Plants. Brisbane: NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub. 339 pp.

Silcock, Jen L., Collingwood, Teghan, Llorens, Tanya and Fensham, Rod. (2021). Action Plan for Australia's Imperilled Plants. Brisbane: NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub. 342 pp.

https://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/4286/gentiana-wingecarribiensis

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Crucianella parviflora Ehrend.

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Rediscovered

Distribution

Iran & Iraq

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Maroofi, Hosein and Rastegar, Azad. (2020). Rediscovery of Crucianella parviflora (Rubiaceae), after more than 70 years of its original collection—a new record for the flora of Iran. Phytotaxa 451(3): 251-255. [Abstract]

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Matelea balbisii (Dcne.) Woods.

Balbis' milkvine

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonyms: Pherotrichis balbisii

Conservation Status

Rediscovered

Was listed as Extinct by (WCMC, 1992:215).

Distribution

Arizona, USA & Mexico

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

CPC (1990). Centre for plant conservation data for North American plants database. CPC, Centre for plant conservation.

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

Kearney, T.H., R.H. Peebles, and collaborators. 1951. Arizona flora. 2nd edition with Supplement (1960) by J.T. Howell, E. McClintock, and collaborators. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. 1085 pp.

Martin, P.S., D. Yetman, M. Fishbein, P. Jenkins, T.R. Van Devender, and R.K. Wilson. 1998. Gentry's Rio Mayo plants; The tropical deciduous forest & environs of northwest Mexico. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson. 558 pp. + map.

Missouri Botanical Garden. Online nomenclatural database (vascular plants). http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/vast.html.

Shreve, F., and I.L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and flora of the Sonoran Desert. 2 volumes. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford. 1740 pp.

Vazquez G., J.A., R. Cuevas G., T.S. Cochrane, H.H. Iltis, F.J. Santana M., and L. Guzman H. 1995. Flora de Manantlan. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Inc., Fort Worth, TX. 312 pp.

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1992). Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources. London: Chapman & Hall. xx + 594 pp.

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Stenostelma umbelluliferum (Schltr.) S.P.Bester & Nicholas

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Rediscovered in 2003

Distribution

South Africa

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Victor, J. E. and Bester, S. P. (2020). Conservation status of Stenostelma umbelluliferum and its implications for management of biodiversity. South African Journal of Botany 131: 138-142. [Abstract]

Victor, J. E., Bester, S. P. and Pfab, M. F. (2007). Stenostelma umbelluliferum (Schltr.) S.P.Bester & Nicholas. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. Accessed on 2020/03/06

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