Pachycarpus rostratus N.E.Br.

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Missing

Distribution

Nkandla district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Le Roux, Johannes J., Hui, C., Castillo, M. L., Iriondo, J. M., Keet, J.-H., Khapugin, A. A., Médail, F., Rejmánek, M., Theron, G. Yannelli, F. A. and Hirsch, H. (2019). Recent Anthropogenic Plant Extinctions Differ in Biodiversity Hotspots and Coldspots. Current Biology 29(17): 2912-2918.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.063

Nicholas, A. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe Asclepiadinae (Asclepiaceae) in Southern Africa. Unpublished Ph.D., University of Durban-Westville, Durban.

Nicholas, A. & von Staden, L. 2015. Pachycarpus rostratus N.E.Br. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. Accessed on 2017/06/08.

Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.

Scott-Shaw, C.R. 1999. Rare and threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal and neighbouring regions. KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation Service, Pietermaritzburg.

Smith, D.M.N. 1988. A revision of the genus Pachycarpus in southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 54(5):399-439.

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Opercularia acolytantha Diels (1905:547)

Esperance dog weed

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Last (and only) record: 1901 (Silcock et al., 2019:SM:19 [sole record; plus date]; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2025 [date only])

Rediscovered in: 1968 (Silcock et al., 2019:SM:19)

Was listed as Extinct by (WCMC, 1992:221). Still listed as Extinct by (Humphreys et al., 2019; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2025)

Distribution & Habitat

near Esperance, Western Australia, Australia

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Diels, F. L. E. & E. Pritzel (1904). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae occidentalis: Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Pflanzen Westaustraliens, ihrer Verbreitung und ihrer Lebensverhaltnisse. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik. 35: ??-??.

Other references:

Brown, A., C. Thomson-Dans & N. Marchant, eds. (1998). Western Australia's Threatened Flora. Como, Western Australia: Department of Conservation and Land Management.

Department of the Environment. (2015). Opercularia acolytantha in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat. Accessed Sat, 7 Feb 2015 13:38:43 +1100.

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Hearn, Roger W., Meissner, Rachel, Brown, Andrew P., Macfarlane, Terry D. and Annels, Tony R. (2006). Declared Rare and Poorly Known Flora in the Warren Region. Western Australian Wildlife Management Program No. 40. Jointly published by Australian Government Department of Environment and Heritage (Canberra) & Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management (Bentley DC). x + 305 pp.

Hnatiuk, R. J. (1990). Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series 11: 1-650.

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

Markey, A. S. (2018). By their fruit you will recognise them: species notes and typifications in Western Australian species of Opercularia (Rubiaceae: Anthosperminae). Nuytsia 29: 119-140. https://doi.org/10.58828/nuy00866

Silcock, Jen L., Field, Ashley R., Walsh, Neville G. and Fensham, Roderick J. (2019). To name those lost: assessing extinction likelihood in the Australian vascular flora. Oryx 54(2): 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318001357 [Supplementary Material]

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1992). Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources. London: Chapman & Hall. xx + 594 pp.

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Oldenlandia sieberi sieberi Baker

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Extinct (WCMC, 1992:221) or Rediscovered

Distribution & Habitat

Mauritius, Mascarene Islands

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1976-). Flore des Mascareignes. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1992). Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources. London: Chapman & Hall. xx + 594 pp.

http://www.lemauricien.org/weekend/070902/mg.htm

http://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/1977/oldenlandia-sieberi-var

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Oldenlandia adscensionis (DC.) Cronk (1980:207)

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Hedyotis adscensionis DC. in Prodr. 4: 419 (1830); Oldenlandia adscenionis (DC.) Cronk in Biol. Conservation 17: 207 (1980) [orth. error]; Sherardia fruticosa L. in Sp. Pl.: 103 (1753)

Conservation Status

Extinct (Cronk, 1980:211; WCMC, 1992:221; Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88; Lambdon et al., 2012b; Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022; POWO, 2024; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2025)

Last record: 1889 (Cronk, 1980:211; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2025); "1985?" (Lambdon et al., 2012b)

IUCN RedList status: Extinct

Probably first noticed by Dampier (1709) according to (Cronk, 1980:211).

Distribution & Habitat

St Helena

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]

Ascension Environmental Information Operations Utility. (2010). Annual plant census data. Georgetown, Ascension Island.

Ashmole, P. and Ashmole, M. (2000). St Helena and Ascension Island: a natural history. Anthony Nelson, Oswestry, U.K.

Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2025). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 207(3): 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]

Cronk, Quentin. C. B. (1980). Extinction and survival in the endemic flora of Ascension Island. Biological Conservation 17(3): 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(80)90056-7

Dampier, W. (1709). A continuation of a voyage to New Holland, &c. m the year 1699. London, James Knapton.

Duffey, E. (1964). The terrestrial ecology of Ascension Island. Journal of Applied Ecology 1: 219-251.

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Gray, A., Gardner, S., Kirk, L., Robinson, P., Smölka, Z. and Webster, L. (2000). The status and distribution of the endemic vascular flora of Ascension Island. Unpublished Report.

Gray, A., Pelembe, T. and Stroud, S. (2005). The conservation of the endemic vascular flora of Ascension Island and the threats from alien species. Oryx 39(4): 1-6.

Hemsley, W. B. (1885). Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Botany - Vol. 1. H.M. Stationary Office, London.

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

Lambdon, P. W., Stroud, S., Gray, A., Niissalo, M. and Renshaw, O. (2012a). Oldenlandia adscensionis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 08 May 2015.

Lambdon, P. W., Stroud, S., Gray, A., Niissalo, M. and Renshaw, O. (2012b). Oldenlandia adscensionis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T43923A2990410. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T43923A2990410.en. Downloaded on 23 June 2021.

Packer, J. E. (2002). A concise guide to Ascension Island. South Atlantic Ascension Heritage Society, Georgetown.

POWO. (2018). Plants of the World online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://e-monocot.org/.

POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 16 June 2024]

Vojtek, Ján. (2020). Refining extinction estimations for plants of the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs). MSc dissertation, Queen Mary, University of London. https://doi.org/10.34885/185

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1992). Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources. London: Chapman & Hall. xx + 594 pp.

https://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/96/oldenlandia-adscenionis

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