Kadua degeneri coprosmifolia (Fosberg) W.L.Wagner & Lorence (2005:833)
Degener's bluet
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Hedyotis degeneri var. coprosmifolia Fosberg in Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 174: 56 (1943)
Conservation Status
Missing (Wagner et al., 1999a:46; Keir et al., 2015; Wood et al., 2019:9) or Extinct (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)
Last record (disputed): 1980 (Keir et al., 2015; Wood et al., 2019:9); 1985 (NatureServe, 2024); 1980's (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct)
Distribution
Waiʻanae Mountains, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Fosberg, F. R. (1943). The Polynesian species of Hedyotis (Rubiaceae). Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 174: 1-102.
Other references:
Center for Conservation Research and Training Seed Storage Laboratory. 2009. Seed bank database. Unpublished. Center for Conservation Research and Training, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Fortini, L., Price, J., Jacobi, J., Vorsino, A., Burgett, J., Brinck, K., Amidon, F., Miller, S., Gon II, S., Koob, G. and Paxton, E. 2013. A landscape-based assessment of climate change vulnerability for all native Hawaiian plants. Technical report HCSU-044. Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hawaii.
Govaerts, R. H. A. (2011). World checklist of selected plant families published update Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Groeninckx, I., Dessein, S., Ochoterena, H., Persson, C., Motley, T.J., Karehed, J., Bremer, B., Huysmans, S. and Smets, E. 2009. Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 96: 109-132.
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Keir, M., Portner, T., Weisenberger, L., Kwon, J. & Caraway, V.L. 2015. Kadua degeneri subsp. coprosmifolia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T80092214A80092221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T80092214A80092221.en. Downloaded on 18 November 2016.
NatureServe. (2024). NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: https://explorer.natureserve.org/ [Accessed 1 September 2024]
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 1 September 2024]
Suckling, Kieran, Slack, Rhiwena and Nowicki, Brian. (2004). Extinct and the Endangered Species Act. Centre For Biological Diversity. 63 pp.
Terrell, E. E., Robinson, H. E., Wagner, W.L. and Lorence, D. H. (2005). Resurrection of genus Kadua for Hawaiian Hedyotidinae (Rubiaceae), with emphasis on seed and fruit characters and notes on South Pacific species. Systematic Botany 30(4): 818-833.
U.S. Army Garrison. 2009. 2009 status report for the Makua and Oahu implementation plans. U.S. Army Garrison, Hawaii and Pacific Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Schofield Barracks.
U.S. Army Garrison. 2010. 2010 status report for the Makua and Oahu implementation plans. U.S. Army Garrison, Hawaii and Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Schofield Barracks.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2007a). Hedyotis degeneri (no common name) 5-year review summary and evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2007b). Kadua degeneri (no common name) 5-Year review and summary and evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2012a). Kadua degeneri (no common name) 5-Year review and summary and evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2012b). Kadua degeneri var. comprosmifolia 5-year review summary and evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2002. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; designations of critical habitat for plant species from the island of Oahu, HI; proposed rule concerning designation of critical habitat. Federal Register 67(102): 37108-37272.
Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999a). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.
Wagner, Warren L., Herbst, D. R. and Sohmer, S. H. (1990). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Univ. Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1853 pp.
Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. (1999b). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.
Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.
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http://www.pepphi.org/uploads/2/5/4/7/25478598/pep_list_20150420.pdf