Santalum fernandezianum Phil. (1892:5)
Chile sandalwood
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Mida fernandeziana (Phil.) Sprague & Summerh. in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 197 (1927)
Conservation Status
Extinct (Lucas & Synge, 1978:493; WCMC, 1998; Prebble & Dowe, 2008:2547; Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88; Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)
Last record: 1908 (Skottsberg, 1910; Lucas & Synge, 1978:493; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Distribution
Juan Fernández Island, Chile
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
Photos of living individuals (still under copyright):
https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_108484_juanfernandezarnassandeltrd9999/page/n3/mode/2up
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:227423-2
References
Original scientific description:
Philippi, F. (1892). En sándalo de Juan Fernandez. Anales del Museo Nacional Santiago de Chile, Secc. 2: 5-7.
Other references:
Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]
Baeza, Carlos M. et al. (1999). Anatomical considerations of the secondary wood of Santalum fernandezianum F. Phil. (Santalaceae), an extinct species of the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. Gayana 56: 63-65.
Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Danton, P. and Perrier, C. (2017). Suppressions and additions to the flora of the Juan Fernández archipelago (Chile). Botany Letters 164: 351-360.
Holmes, Branden. (2021). What's Lost and What Remains: The Sixth Extinction in 100 Accounts (eBook). Self published.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Johow, F. (1896). Estudios sobre la Flora de las Islas de Juan Fernández. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta Cervantes. [pp. 127-133]
Le Roux, Johannes J., Hui, C., Castillo, M. L., Iriondo, J. M., Keet, J.-H., Khapugin, A. A., Médail, F., Rejmánek, M., Theron, G. Yannelli, F. A. and Hirsch, H. (2019). Recent Anthropogenic Plant Extinctions Differ in Biodiversity Hotspots and Coldspots. Current Biology 29(17): 2912-2918.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.063
Lucas, Grenville Llewellyn and Synge, Hugh (compilers). (1978). The IUCN Plant Red Data Book. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN. 540 pp. [pp. 493-494]
Oldfield, Sara, Lusty, Charlotte and MacKinven, Amy (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Press. 650 pp.
POWO. (2024). Santalum fernandezianum Phil. Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 10 March 2024]
Prebble, Matthew and Dowe, John L. (2008). The late Quaternary decline and extinction of palms on Pacific islands. Quaternary Science Reviews 27(27-28): 2546-2567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.015
Ricci, Marcia. (1990). Programa de conservación y recuperación de plantas amenazadas de Juan Fernandez. (Including annotations by H. Synge).
Skottsberg, Carl. (1910). Juan Fernandez-oarnas sandelträd. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 4: 167-173. [includes a photo of a living specimen]
Skottsberg, Carl. (1920-1953). The natural history of Juan Fernández & Easter Island 2. Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri AB, Uppsala. [pp. 117 & 838]
Stuessy, Tod F., Baeza, Carlos M., López-Sepúlveda, Patricio, Rodríguez, Roberto and Swenson, Ulf. (2017). Conservation of Native and Endemic Species, pp. 134-148. In: Stuessy, Tod F., Crawford, Daniel J., López-Sepúlveda, Patricio, Baeza, Carlos M. and Ruiz, Eduardo (eds.). Plants of Oceanic Islands: Evolution, Biogeography, and Conservation of the Flora of the Juan Fernández (Robinson Crusoe) Archipelago. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316841358.017
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
WCMC [World Conservation Monitoring Centre]. (1996). Threatened plant database of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. W.C.M.C., Cambridge, U.K.
WCMC [World Conservation Monitoring Centre]. (1998). Santalum fernandezianum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T30406A9544750. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30406A9544750.en. Downloaded on 19 November 2016.
Wester, L. (1991). Invasions and extinctions on Masatierra (Juan Fernandez Islands): a review of early historical evidence. Journal of Historical Geography 17: 18-34.
WWF and IUCN. (1994). Centres of plant diversity. A guide and strategy for their conservation. IUCN Publications Unit, Cambridge, UK.
https://chileanendemics.rbge.org.uk/taxa/santalum-fernandezianum-phil