Elephas iolensis Pomel, 1895
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: Late Pleistocene
Distribution
Africa
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Pomel, A. (1895). Les éléphants Quaternaires. Carte Géol. Alger. Monogr. Paléontol. 6: 1-68.
Other references:
Abbate, E., Albianelli, A., Awad, A., Billi, P., Bruni, P., Delfino, M., Ferretti, M.P., Filippi, O., Gallai, G., Ghinassi, M., Laurtzen, S.-E., Lo Vetro, D., Martinez-Navarro, B., Martini, F., Napoleone, G., Bedri, O., Papini, M., Rook, L., Sagri, M. (2010). Pleistocene environments and human presence in the middle Atbara valley (Khashm El Girba, Eastern Sudan). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 292: 12-34.
Coppens, Y., Maglio, V.J., Madden, C.T., Beden, M. (1978). Proboscidea. In: Maglio, V.J., Cooke, H.B.S. (Eds.), Evolution of African Mammals. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp. 336-367.
Faith, J. Tyler. (2014). Late Pleistocene and Holocene mammal extinctions on continental Africa. Earth-Science Reviews 128: 105-121.
Joger, U. and Garrido, G. (2001). Phylogenetic position of Elephas, Loxodonta and Mammuthus, based on molecular evidence, pp. 544-547. In: Cavarretta, C., Gioia, P., Mussi, M. and Palombo, M. R. (eds.). The World of Elephants – International Congress, Rome. Proceedings of the 1st international congress – Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, Rome. [automatic download]
Maglio, V. J. (1973). Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 63: 1-149.
Maglio, V. and Cooke, H. (1978). Evolution of African Mammals. Boston: Harvard University Press.
Manthi, Fredrick et al. (2019). Late Middle Pleistocene Elephants from Natodomeri, Kenya and the Disappearance of Elephas (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in Africa. Journal of Mammalian Evolution. doi: DOI: 10.1007/s10914-019-09474-9 [Abstract]
Sanders, W. J., Gheerbrant, E., Harris, J. M., Saegusa, H. and Delmer, C. (2010). Proboscidea, pp. 161-251. In: Werdelin, L. and Sanders, W. J. (eds.). Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
Smith F.A., Lyons S.K., Ernest S.K.M., Jones K.E., Kaufman D.M., Dayan T., Marquet P.A., Brown J.H., Haskell J.P. 2003 Body mass of late Quaternary mammals. Ecology 84(12), 3403-3403.
Todd N. 2006 Trends in Proboscidean Diversity in the African Cenozoic. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 13(1), 1-10.
Werdelin L., Sanders W.J. 2010 Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Ewing, University of California Press.