Prolemur simus Gray, 1871
Greater bamboo lemur
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Hapalemur simus Gray, 1871
Conservation Status
Last record: 1955
Rediscovered in 1986
IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered
Distribution
Madagascar
Biology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Andriaholinirina, N., Baden, A., Blanco, M., Chikhi, L., Cooke, A., Davies, N., Dolch, R., Donati, G., Ganzhorn, J., Golden, C., Groeneveld, L.F., Hapke, A., Irwin, M., Johnson, S., Kappeler, P., King, T., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Markolf, M., Mass, V., Mittermeier, R.A., Nichols, R., Patel, E., Rabarivola, C.J., Raharivololona, B., Rajaobelina, S., Rakotoarisoa, G., Rakotomanga, B., Rakotonanahary, J., Rakotondrainibe, H., Rakotondratsimba, G., Rakotondratsimba, M., Rakotonirina, L., Ralainasolo, F.B., Ralison, J., Ramahaleo, T., Ranaivoarisoa, J.F., Randrianahaleo, S.I., Randrianambinina, B., Randrianarimanana, L., Randrianasolo, H., Randriatahina, G., Rasamimananana, H., Rasolofoharivelo, T., Rasoloharijaona, S., Ratelolahy, F., Ratsimbazafy, J., Ratsimbazafy, N., Razafindraibe, H., Razafindramanana, J., Rowe, N., Salmona, J., Seiler, M., Volampeno, S., Wright, P., Youssouf, J., Zaonarivelo, J. & Zaramody, A. 2014. Prolemur simus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T9674A16121559. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T9674A16121559.en. Downloaded on 15 February 2017.
Bonaventure, A., Lantovololona, F., Mihaminekena, T. H., Andrianandrasana, Z. A., Ravaloharimanitra, M., Ranaivosoa, P., Ratsimbazafy, J. & King, T. 2012. Conservation de Prolemur simus dans le site de basse altitude de Vohiposa, District de Brickaville. Lemur News 16: 15-20.
Delmore, K.E.; M.F. Keller; E.E. Louis Jr.; S.E. Johnson. 2009. Rapid primatological surveys of the Andringitra forest corridors: direct observation of the greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus). . Lemur News 14: 49-52.
Dolch, R., J. L. Fiely, J-N Ndriamiary, J. Rafalimandimby, R. Randriamampionona, S. E. Engberg, & E. E. Louis Jr. 2008. Confirmation of the greater bamboo lemur, Prolemur simus, north of the Torotorofotsy wetlands, eastern Madagascar. Lemur News 13: 14-17.
Dolch R, Hilgartner RD, Ndriamiary JN, Randriamahazo H. (2004). The grandmother of all bamboo lemurs – evidence for the occurrence of Hapalemur simus in fragmented rainforest surrounding the Torotorofotsy marshes. Central Eastern Madagascar Lemur News 9: 24-26.
Dolch R, Patel ER, Ratsimbazafy J, Golden CD, Ratolojanahary T, Rafalimandimby J, Fiely JL. 2010. Distribution of Prolemur simus north of the Mangoro-Nosivolo river – how far north do we really have to look? . Lemur News 15: 32-34.
Fisher, Diana O. (2011). Trajectories from extinction: where are missing mammals rediscovered? Global Ecology & Biogeography 20: 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00624.x [Appendix S1]
Frasier CL, Rakotonirina J-N, Razanajatovo LG, Nasolonjanahary TS, Mamiaritiana SB, Ramarolahy JF, et al. Expanding knowledge on life history traits and infant development in the greater bamboo Lemur (Prolemur simus): contributions from Kianjavato, Madagascar. Primate Conserv. Conservation International. 2015;29:75–86.
Godfrey LR, Simons EL, Jungers WL, DeBlieux DD, Chatrath PS. New discovery of subfossil Hapalemur simus, the greater bamboo lemur, in western Madagascar. Lemur News. 2004;9:9–11.
Godfrey L, Vuillaume-Randriamanantena M. Hapalemur simus: endangered lemur once widespread. Primate Conserv. 1986;7
Groves C. 2001. Primate Taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Harcourt, Caroline and Thornback, Jane. (1990). Lemurs of Madagascar and the Comoros. The IUCN Red Data Book. Cambridge, U.K. & Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
Hawkins, Melissa T. R. et al. (2018). Genome sequence and population declines in the critically endangered greater bamboo lemur ([i]Prolemur simus[/i]) and implications for conservation. BMC Genomics 19: 445.
Joseph, Grant S. and Seymour, Colleen L. (2022). Are Madagascar's obligate grazing-lawns ancient and evolved with endemic herbivores, or recently selected by introduced cattle? Biology Letters 18: 20220212.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0212
King, T. & Chamberlan, C. 2010. Conserving the Critically Endangered greater bamboo lemur. Oryx 44(2): 167.
King T, Randrianarimanana HLL, Rakotonirina LHF, Mihaminekena TH, Andrianandrasana ZA, Ratolojanahary M, et al. Large-culmed bamboos in Madagascar: distribution and field identification of the primary food sources of the critically endangered greater bamboo Lemur Prolemur simus. Primate Conserv Conservation International. 2013;27:33–53.
Lantovololona, F., Bonaventure, A., Ratolojanahary, T., Rafalimandimby, J., Ravaloharimanitra, M., Ranaivosoa, P., Ratsimbazafy, J., Dolch, R. & King, T. 2012. Conservation de Prolemur simus autour de la forêt de basse altitude d’Andriantantely, District de Brickaville. Lemur News 16: 7-11.
McGuire, S.M.; C.A. Bailey; J.-N. Rakotonirina; L.G. Razanajatovo; J.F. Ranaivoarisoa; L.M. Kimmel; E.E. Louis Jr. 2009. Population survey of the Greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) at Kianjavato Classified Forest. Lemur News 14: 41-43.
Mihaminekena, T. H., Ravaloharimanitra, M., Ranaivosoa, P., Ratsimbazafy, J. & King, T. 2012. Abondance et conservation de Prolemur simus dans les sites de basse altitude de Sahavola et Ambalafary, District de Brickaville. Lemur News 16: 11-16.
Mittermeier, R.A., Louis Jr., E.E., Richardson, M., Schwitzer, C., Langrand, O., Rylands, A.B., Hawkins, F., Rajaobelina, S., Ratsimbazafy, J., Rasoloarison, R., Roos, C., Kappeler, P.M. and MacKinnon, J. 2010. Lemurs of Madagascar. 3rd edition. Conservation International, Arlington, VA.
Mutschler, T.; Tan, C.L. 2003. Hapalemur, bamboo or gentle lemurs. In: S.M. Goodman, J. Benstead (ed.), The Natural History of Madagascar, pp. 1324-1329. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Olson ER, Marsh RA, Bovard BN, Randrianarimanana HLL, Ravaloharimanitra M, Ratsimbazafy JH, et al. Habitat preferences of the critically endangered greater bamboo Lemur (Prolemur simus) and densities of one of its primary food sources, Madagascar Giant bamboo (Cathariostachys madagascariensis), in sites with different degrees of anthropogenic and Natur. Int J Primatol. 2013;34:486–99.
Rajaonson, A., Ratolojanahary, M., Ratsimbazafy, J., Feistner, A. & King, T. 2010. Enquête préliminaire de la distribution des lémuriens de bambou dans et autour du Corridor forestier Fandriana-Vondrozo, Madagascar. Lemur News 15: 34-39.
Rakotonirina, L., Rajaonson, A., Ratolojanahary, T., Rafalimandimby, J., Fanomezantsoa, P., Ramahefasoa, B., Rasolofoharivelo, T., Ravaloharimanitra, M., Ratsimbazafy, J., Dolch, R. & King, T. 2011a. New distributional records and conservation implications for the critically endangered greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus. Folia Primatologica 82(2): 118-129.
Randrianarimanana, L., Ravaloharimanitra, M., Ratolojanahary, T., Rafalimandimby, J., Rasolofoharivelo, T., Ratsimbazafy, J., Dolch, R. & King, T. 2012. Statut et conservation de Prolemur simus dans les sites de Ranomainty et Sakalava du Corridor Ankeniheny-Zahamena. Lemur News 16: 2-7.
Ravaloharimanitra, M., Ratolojanahary, T., Rafalimandimby, J., Rajaonson, A., Rakotonirina, L., Rasolofoharivelo, T., Ndriamiary, J.N., Andriambololona, J., Nasoavina, C., Fanomezantsoa, P., Rakotoarisoa, J.C., Youssouf, Ratsimbazafy, J., Dolch, R. & King, T. 2011b. Gathering local knowledge in Madagascar results in a major increase in the known range and number of sites for critically endangered greater bamboo lemurs (Prolemur simus). International Journal of Primatology 32(3): 776-792.
Rakotonirina, L. H. F., Rajaonson, A., Ratolojanahary, J. H., Missirli, J. M., Razafy Fara, L., Raholijaona, Andriamanajaranirina, M. and King, T. (2013). Southern range extensions for the critically endangered black-and-white ruffed lemur Varecia variegata and greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus. Primate Conservation 26: 49-55.
Scheffers, Brett R., Yong, Ding Li, Harris, J. Berton C., Giam, Xingli and Sodhi, Navjot S. (2011). The world’s rediscovered species: back from the brink? PLoS ONE 6(7): e22531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022531 [Supporting Information (Table S1)]
Tan, C. L. 1999. Group composition, home range size, and diet in three sympatric bamboo lemur species (genus Hapalemur) in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology 20: 547–566.
Tan, C. L. 2000. Behavior and ecology of three sympatric bamboo lemur species (genus Hapalemur) in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Ph.D. Thesis, State University of New York, Stony Brook.
Wright, P. C., Johnson, S. E., Irwin, M. T., Jacobs, R., Schlichting, P., Lehman, S., Louis Jr., E. E., Arrigo-Nelson, S. J., Raharison, J.-L., Rafalirarison, R. R., Razafindratsita, V., Ratsimbazafy, J. R., Ratelolahy, F. R., Dolch, R. and Tan, C. 2008. The Crisis of the Critically Endangered Greater Bamboo Lemur (Prolemur simus). Primate Conservation 23.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Bamboo_Lemur
http://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/14/science/lemur-held-extinct-found-on-madagasdar.html
http://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/11429/prolemur-simus-greater-bamboo-lemur