Cyrtandra waiolani Wawra (1872:566)
Fuzzyflower cyrtandra, Waiolani cyrtandra
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Cyrtandra hillebrandii Vatke in Linnaea 40: 222 (1876); Cyrtandra oahuensis H.Lév. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 124 (1911)
Conservation Status
Missing (Wood et al., 2019; NatureServe, 2024) or Extinct (Wagner et al., 1999:36; Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022) or Extinct in the Wild (Bruegmann & Caraway, 2003; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
Last record: 1943 (Wood et al., 2019; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; NatureServe, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct in the Wild
The IUCN RedList classification as Extinct in the Wild is thought to be erroneous (Dalrymple et al., 2023). Individuals were possibly encountered in 1994 and 2005, but have since died (USFWS, 2011).
Distribution
Koolau Mountains, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]
Bruegmann, M. M. and Caraway, V. (2003). Cyrtandra waiolani. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003: e.T44056A10854084. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T44056A10854084.en. Downloaded on 15 January 2020.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
CPC. (1992). Centre for plant conservation data for North American plants database. CPC, Centre for plant conservation.
Dalrymple, S. E., Abeli, T., Ewen, J. G., Gilbert, T. C., Hogg, C. J., Lloyd, N. A., Moehrenschlager, A., Rodríguez, J. P. and Smith, D. (2023). Addressing Threats and Ecosystem Intactness to Enable Action for Extinct in the Wild Species. Diversity 15: 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020268
Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
Hillebrand, W. F. (1888). Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams. Facsimile ed., 1981. Lubrecht & Cramer, Monticello, NY. 673 pp.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
NatureServe. (2024). NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: https://explorer.natureserve.org/ [Accessed 1 September 2024]
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 1 September 2024]
Rock, J. F. (1919). Cyrtandrae Hawaiienses, sections Schizocalyces Hillebr. and Chaetocalyces Hillebr. Amer. J. Bot. 6: 47-68.
St. John, H. (1966). Monograph of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) on Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 229: 1-465.
USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). (2011). Listing 23 species on Oahu as endangered and designating critical habitat for 124 species. Federal Register 76(148): 46362-46594.
USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). (2012). Endangered status for 23 species on Oahu and designation of critical habitat for 124 species. Federal Register 77(181): 57648-57862.
USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). (2022). Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 167 Species in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Notice of initiation of reviews; request for information. Federal Register 87(90): 28031-28034.
Wagner, Warren L., Herbst, D. R. and Sohmer, S. H. (1990). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Univ. Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1853 pp.
Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.
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