Exscovery: Rediscoveries that refute global extinctions are special cases

By Branden Holmes. Published on 19 April 2025.

 

Introduction

The term ‘rediscovery’ in its global sense refers to the discovery of an extant population of a taxon that was not known to survive (or in rare cases, was thought to be functionally extinct). Three broad categories can be distinguished: (1) taxa that simply went unrecorded (hereafter ‘unlocated’) (e.g. Okutani, 1982; Gong et al., 2020); (2) taxa that had been unsuccessfully searched for in the past but were not regarded as (possibly) extinct (hereafter ‘lost’) (Long & Rodríguez, 2022; Lindken et al., 2024); and (3) taxa which were justifiably regarded as (possibly) extinct (e.g. Kandemir, 2009; Biton et al., 2013) as a result of adequate surveys (Fisher & Blomberg, 2011; Penedo et al., 2015). The first category is based on an arbitrary criterion, and the second is minimally informative, whereas the third is of immense importance. The critical distinction between these three categories is failed by the current reliance on the single cover-all term 'rediscovery'. This calls for a new term (‘exscovery’) to distinguish those special (and much rarer) cases of rediscovery in which a justified belief or claim of (possible) extinction is actively refuted.

Relocation

Category (1) treats time since last record as intrinsically meaningful, but this arbitrary criterion has rightly been rejected in its guise as the so-called ‘50-year rule’ introduced by the Convention on International Commerce of Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) to determine when to declare a taxon extinct (see Penedo et al., 2015). It should be noted that there are also temporal variants of category (2) (see Long & Rodríguez, 2022). There are no unsuccessful searches for unlocated taxa prior to their rediscovery, which are either relocated on the first attempt (e.g. Gower et al., 2006), or relocated through serendipity. There are at least two independent reasons to consider relocated taxa as bona fide rediscoveries s.l.¹ (i.e. in the broad sense). Firstly, it is important to create baselines which will help enable us to detect future shifts and other net changes in biodiversity composition and abundance. But many unlocated taxa are known from very few specimens (Srivastava et al., 2015), which often do not currently allow for reliable population estimates (Lindken et al., 2024). And secondly, the extinction of a particular taxon is not contingent upon human knowledge of its current conservation status or the threats it faces. This is evidenced by the many so-called ‘dark extinctions’ that have presumably taken place (Boehm & Cronk, 2021). Confirmation of the persistence and population health of unlocated taxa is thus important, even if the categorization itself is arbitrary.

Rediscovery s.s.²

Category (2) is minimally informative because even taxa known to be extant in a particular area can fail to be recorded there by methodologically and seasonally appropriate surveys. Moreover, there is no guarantee of the overall quality of the search methodologies employed previously, which may have been rather informal. While many taxa have life history/demography/ecology traits (e.g. fossorial, fire ephemeral) that mean that they are expected to be rarely encountered anyway (Butchart et al., 2006; Fisher & Blomberg, 2011; Bell, 2021). At its closest to category (3), a lost taxon is only one adequate but failed survey away from being considered (possibly) extinct. The possible motivations to search for a taxon and thus disqualify it from category (1) are many and varied. Given our limited resources, it could be argued that it is best to only target those taxa most likely to be at risk of extinction. But the vast gaps in our knowledge means that there may be many unlocated taxa [category (1)] at great risk of extinction that have never been searched for, while lost taxa [category (2)] which have been unsuccessfully searched for may not be at risk of extinction at all. The need for baselines and the fact that extinction is knowledge-independent apply equally to category (2). Confirmation of the persistence and population health of lost taxa is thus important, but no more so by default than those taxa from category (1).

Exscovery

Category (3) is akin to epistemic de-extinction in that it refutes the real possibility (and not merely the hypothesis) of global extinction and is thus of the utmost importance. Yet it also raises questions. Whenever an officially extinct taxon is rediscovered s.l., it needs to be determined whether the extinction criteria themselves or their misapplication was to blame for the premature declaration. But whatever the circumstances that lead to the premature declaration, the fact that the taxon went unrecorded despite extensive surveys means it is almost certainly threatened with extinction and will likely remain that way for generations to come (Fisher, 2011; Scheffers et al., 2011). It may even be functionally extinct. Such taxa should be considered of the highest conservation priority, and yet to date there has been no nominal distinction made between any of the three categories outlined here in the literature. I therefore introduce the new term ‘exscovery’ (a portmanteau of ‘extinct’ and ‘rediscovery’) for taxa that belong to category (3).

This has the added benefit of making it far easier to find and track publications (and other materials) that report these highest and most profound rediscoveries s.l. through title and keyword searches via search engines. Instead of having to filter the much larger literature on rediscoveries in general, which includes innumerable non-global cases (i.e. local, in situ, or ex situ) (Holmes, 2024). This will help us to aggregate these cases, because exscovery has the deliberate benefit of allowing direct comparison between the total number of taxa that are currently considered (possibly) extinct with those that have been removed from there through discovery in the wild or ex situ. This is part of the broader project of looking into the causes and extent of turnover in lists of putatively extinct taxa (e.g. Keith & Burgman, 2004). And will ultimately help us to answer one of the most fundamental and perpetual questions in conservation biology: is the current rate of extinction slowing down or not?

Downplaying rediscovery s.l.

Taxa that are not known to survive can nevertheless still be justifiably believed to persist (Ladle et al., 2011), especially if they occur in known pristine habitat. Under the current scheme, we expect a proportionally high rate of rediscoveries s.l. relative to the rate of new declarations of (possible) extinction. The number of taxa for which there have been no records for decades or even centuries is very large (Long & Rodríguez, 2022; Martin et al., 2023; Lindken et al., 2024), with many having not been adequately searched for. Whereas taxa should only be considered (possibly) extinct if there have been adequate surveys that have failed to record them (Penedo et al., 2015). The concept of rediscovery s.l. is thus much broader than that of global extinction, and so there can be no direct comparison between them.

The public do not read the scientific literature for the most part and are therefore unlikely to be sufficiently informed about this. Potentially leading to unjustified public doubts about the severity of the current biodiversity crisis. If the public perception is that there are roughly as many taxa being profoundly rediscovered as are being declared extinct, then there is the risk that the public will think that we are not in fact in the midst of a biodiversity crisis, potentially extending to deep scepticisim of conservation biologists themselves and their competence. Especially if the rapid rate of discovery and description of new species, stories of which are often posted to social media, is additionally mistakenly interpreted to imply that the biosphere must be very healthy otherwise there would be far fewer taxa still extant to even discover and describe in the first place.

Beyond hypothetical scenarios regarding what the public may or may not understand or think, my anecdotal experience of global rediscovery stories posted to social media is that on occasion a user expresses their doubts as to the severity of the alleged biodiversity crisis in the face of “yet another” rediscovery. And since not everybody who reads a social media post interacts with it, this leads me to believe that there may be a significant level of public skepticism regarding the reality and extent of the current biodiversity crisis. By adopting the term ‘exscovery’ for profound cases of rediscovery, and spreading awareness about it, we can avoid potentially damaging public misperceptions of the seeming proliferation of global rediscoveries, all of which may falsely appear to be equally significant (Ladle et al., 2011).

Playing up rediscovery s.l.

Any taxon that has no known extant population can theoretically be extinct, even if its habitat seems pristine. Thus rediscovery s.l. is important so as to refute the extinction hypothesis (Ladle et al., 2011). The paucity of information (for little known taxa) or gaps in our knowledge (for better known taxa) can then be supplemented by new data, and thus we have the opportunity to more accurately assess the conservation status of a taxon. While this can also generate other relevant data on biogeography and population trends (Ladle et al., 2011). On the other hand, there are relevant differences between the three categories. Category (1) can only tell us about the status of the taxon. Category (2) tells us about the status of the taxon, and may (or may not) be able to tell us something about our search efforts. Category (3) tells us about the status of the taxon, and tells us a lot about our search efforts and the false conclusion we reached on their basis (or the interpretation of which). An important conservation lesson given the reality of the current biodiversity crisis.

Conclusion

The rediscovery s.l. of any taxon is important, even if it was believed to still exist despite the lack of records. At the same time, current usage of the term ‘rediscovery’ in the scientific literature (and beyond) is far too broad in the absence of distinct categories. This is artificially inflating the rate of rediscovery relative to global extinction, and risks appearing to the public that the current biodiversity crisis isn’t anywhere near as bad as us scientists are making out. By crafting a new term to distinguish those genuinely profound cases of rediscovery where global extinction is refuted, it helps to explicate the broadness of the term ‘rediscovery’ as currently used in conservation biology relative to the much narrower use of ‘extinct(ion)’. And therefore, the current relative rates of the two are not at all comparable, and thus a high rate of rediscovery s.l. should have little to no bearing on either professional or public perceptions of the severity of the current biodiversity crisis.

 

Notes

¹ s.l. is an abbreviation for sensu lato, which means "in the broad sense". It may be helpful to think of the lines of latitude across the globe when you see "lato".

² s.s. is an abbreviation for sensu stricto, which means "in the strict sense".

 

References

Bell, S. A. J. (2021). Do all fire ephemerals warrant listing under threatened species legislation? Australasian Plant Conservation, 30(2), 15–18.

Biton, R., Geffen, E., Vences, M., Cohen, O., Bailon, S., Rabinovich, R., Malka, Y., Oron, T., Boistel, R., Brumfeld, V., & Gafny, S. (2013). The rediscovered Hula painted frog is a living fossil. Nature Communications, 4, 1959. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2959

Boehm, M. M. A., & Cronk, Q. C. B. (2021). Dark extinction: the problem of unknown historical extinctions. Biology Letters, 17, 20210007.

Butchart, S. H. M., Stattersfield, A. J., & Brooks, T. M. (2006). Going or gone: defining ‘Possibly Extinct’ species to give a truer picture of recent extinctions. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 126A, 7–24.

Fisher, D. O. (2011). Cost, effort and outcome of mammal rediscovery: neglect of small species. Biological Conservation, 144(5), 1712–1718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.005

Fisher, D. O., & Blomberg, S. P. (2011). Correlates of rediscovery and the detectability of extinction in mammals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278, 1090–1097. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1579

Gong, L., Li, X., Xiao, N., He, L., Zhang, H., & Wang, Y. (2020). Rediscovery of the abyssal species Peniagone leander Pawson and Foell, 1986 (Holothuroidea: Elasipodida: Elpidiidae): the first record from the Mariana Trench area. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 38, 1319–1327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-0067-9

Gower, D. J., Giri, V., & Wilkinson, M. (2006). Rediscovery of Gegeneophis seshachari Ravichandran, Gower & Wilkinson, 2003 at the type locality. Herpetozoa, 19(3-4), 121–127.

Holmes, B. (2024). The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database. https://recentlyextinctspecies.com

Kandemir, A. (2009). The rediscovery of some taxa thought to have been extinct in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 33, 113–122. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-0705-11

Keith, D. A., & Burgman, M. A. (2004). The Lazarus effect: can the dynamics of extinct species lists tell us anything about the status of biodiversity? Biological Conservation, 117, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00261-1

Ladle, R. J., Jepson, P., Malhado, A. C. M., Jennings, S., & Barua, M. (2011). The causes and biogeographical significance of species rediscovery. Frontiers of Biogeography, 3, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG12432

Lindken, T., Anderson, C. V., Ariano-Sánchez, D., Barki, G., Biggs, C., Bowles, P., Chaitanya, R., Cronin, D. T., Jähnig, S. C., Jeschke, J. M., Kennerley, R. J., Lacher, T. E. Jr., Luedtke, J. A., Liu, C., Long, B., Mallon, D., Martin, G. M., Meiri, S., Pasachnik, S. A., …Evans, T. (2024). What factors influence the rediscovery of lost tetrapod species? Global Change Biology, 30, e17107.

Long, B., & Rodríguez, Jon Paul. (2022). Lost but not forgotten: a new nomenclature to support a call to rediscover and conserve lost species. Oryx, 56(4), 481–482. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605322000618

Martin, T. E., Bennett, G. C., Fairbairn, A. J., & Mooers, A. Ø. (2023). ‘Lost’ taxa and their conservation implications. Animal Conservation, 26, 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12788

Okutani, T. (1982). Rediscoveries of an abyssal trochid, Basilissa superba Watson from the south of Japan. Venus, 40(4), 237–239. https://doi.org/10.18941/venusjjm.40.4_237

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Scheffers, B. R., Yong, D. L., Harris, J. B. C., Giam, X., & Sodhi, N. S. (2011). The world’s rediscovered species: back from the brink? PLoS ONE, 6, e22531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022531

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Australasian palaeontology: A bibliography of books, booklets and book-like publications

 

 

1870

Krefft, Gerard. (1870). Guide to the Australian Fossil Remains, Exhibited by the Trustees of The Australian Museum, and Arranged and Named by Gerard Krefft, F.L.S., Curator and Secretary. Sydney: F. White, Government Printer.

 

1876

Koninck, Laurent G. de (1876). Recherches sur les fossiles paleozoiques de la Nouvelle Galles du Sud (Australie). Bruxelles: F. Hayez. 373 pp. [1876-1877 dated edition (without title page border) (Google Books); 1876-1877 dated edition (with title page border) (Google Books); Google Translate: "Research on Paleozoic fossils from New South Wales (Australia)"]

 

1877

Owen, Richard. (1877). Researches on the fossil remains of the extinct mammals of Australia: with a notice of the extinct marsupials of England, 2 vols. London: J. Erxleben. ["V. 1 (text): xv, [1], 522 p., [1] folded leaf of plates on cloth : ill. ; 29 cm. -- v. 2 (plates): 9, [1] p., CXXXI leaves of plates (some folded) : ill. ; 33 cm." (source: BHL)]

 

1878

Etheridge, Robert. (1878). A catalogue of Australian fossils: (including Tasmania and the Island of Timor): stratigraphically and zoologically arranged. Cambridge University Press. viii + 232 pp.

 

1879

Owen, Richard. (1879). Memoirs on the extinct wingless birds of New Zealand: with an appendix on those of England, Australia, Newfoundland, Mauritius, and Rodriguez, 2 vols. London: John Van Voorst. [Vol. 1 (text); Vol. 2 (plates)]

 

1892

Jack, Robert L. and Etheridge, Robert. (1892). The geology and palaeontology of Queensland and New Guinea, with sixty-eight plates and a geological map of Queensland, 2 vols. Brisbane: James Charles Beal, Govt. Prt. / London: Dulau and Co.

 

1903

Etheridge, Robert. (1903). Palaeontological contributions to the geology of Western Australia. Descriptions of carboniferous fossils from the Gascoyne district, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Bulletin 10: 1-41, 5 pls.

 

1913

Etheridge, Robert. (1913). Palaeontological contributions to the geology of Western Australia. [Pt.] 4 [Cretaceous fossils of the Gingin chalk]. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Bulletin 55: 1-34 + 4 pls.

 

1914

Chapman, Frederick M. (1914). Australasian fossils: a students' manual of palaeontology. Melbourne: G. Robertson Property Limited.

Etheridge, Robert. (1914). Palaeontological contributions to the geology of Western Australia. Series 5, no. 10 [Western Australian carboniferous fossils, chiefly from Mount Marmion, Lennard River, West Kimberley]. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Bulletin 58: 1-59.

 

1925

Howchin, Walter. (1925-1930). The building of Australia and the succession of life: with special reference to South Australia, parts I-III. Adelaide: Government Printer. 750 pp. ["Dates of publication: Part 1, pp. 1-203, published 1925; Part 2, pp. 204-448, published 1928; Part 3, pp. 449-750, published 1930" (source)]

 

1929

Chapman, Frederick. (1929). Illustrated guide to the collection of fossils exhibited in the National Museum of Victoria. Melbourne : H. J. Green, Govt. Printer. x + 55 pp.

 

1934

Chapman, Frederick M. (1934). The book of fossils. Sydney: Shakespeare Head Press. xi + 125 pp.

 

1936

David, T. W. Edgeworth and Tillyard, R. J. (1936). Memoir on fossils of the late Pre-Cambrian (Newer Proterozoic) from the Adelaide series, South Australia. Sydney: Angus & Robertson in conjunction with the Royal Society of New South Wales. xi + 122 pp. + 13 pls. [published in the UK (London) by the Australian Book Co.]

 

1947

Crespin, Irene. (1947). Foraminifera in the Permian rocks of Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 15. 1-31.

 

1954

Laseron, Charles F. (1954). Ancient Australia; the story of its past geography and life. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 210 pp.

 

1956

Dickins, J. M. (1956). Permian pelecypods from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 29. 42 pp., 6 pls.

 

1957

Monographs/technical volumes:

Crockford, Joan. (1957). Permian Bryozoa from the Fitzroy Basin, Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 34: 1-136.

Coleman, Patrick J. (1957). Permian Productacea of Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 40. 188 pp., 3 pls.

Dickins, J. M. (1957). Lower Permian pelecypods and gastropods from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 41: 1-74.

 

1958

Monographs/technical volumes:

Crespin, Irene. (1958). Permian foraminifera of Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 48: 1-207.

Thomas, G. A. (1958). The Permian Orthotetacea of Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 39: 1-158.

 

1959

Monographs/technical volumes:

Brunnschweiler, Rudolf O. (1959). New aconeceratinae (ammonoidea) from the Alkian and Aptian of Australia. Canberra: Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. 19 pp.

Veevers, John J. (1959). Devonian and Carboniferous brachiopods from north-western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 55: 1-42.

 

1960

Monographs/technical volumes:

Belford, D. J. (1960). Upper Cretaceous foraminifera from the Toolonga Calcilutite and Gingin Chalk, Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 57: 1-198.

Brunnschweiler, Rudolf O. (1960). Marine fossils from the Upper Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous of Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 59: 1-52.

 

1961

Monographs/technical volumes:

Ross, June Phillips. (1961). Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian bryozoa of Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 50: 1-172.

 

1963

Monographs/technical volumes:

Crespin, Irene. (1963). Lower Cretaceous arenaceous Foraminifera of Australia. Bull. Bur. Min. Res. Geol. Geophys. Australia. 66: 1-110.

Dickins, J. M. (1963). Permian pelecypods and gastropods from Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 63: 1-202.

Skwarko, S. K. (1963). Australian Mesozoic trigoniids. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 67: 1-55.

 

1965

Monographs/technical volumes:

Campbell, K. S. W. (1965). Australian Permian terebratuloids. Perth, W.A.: Govt. Printer, Western Australia. vi + 146 pp.

Cox, L. R. (1965). The molluscan fauna and probable Lower Cretaceous age of the Nanutarra Formation of Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 61: 1-52.

 

1966

Monographs/technical volumes:

Brunnschweiler, Rudolf O. (1966). Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the Carnarvon Basin of Western Australia. 1, The Heteromorph Lytoceratina. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 58: 1-58.

 

Popular science:

Mincham, Hans and Houston, Terry (illustrator). (1966). Vanished giants of Australia. Adelaide: Rigby. 84 pp.

 

1967

Monographs/technical volumes:

Playford, Geoffrey and Cornelius, Kenneth D. (1967). Palynological and lithostratigraphic features of the Razorback beds, Mount Morgan District, Queensland. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press.

Runnegar, Bruce. (1967). Desmodont bivalves from the Permian of eastern Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 96: 1-108.

Stirton, Ruben A., Woodburne, M. O. and Plane, M. D. (1967). Tertiary Diprotodontidae from Australia and New Guinea. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 85. viii + 159 pp.

Skwarko, Stanislaw K. (1967). Mesozoic mollusca from Australia and New Guinea. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 75. x + 100 pp.

Woodburne, M. O. (1967). The Alcoota Fauna, Central Australia: an integrated palaeontological and geological study. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 87. ix + 187 pp.

 

1968

Monographs/technical volumes:

Belford, D. J. (1968). Permian Foraminifera from BMR Bores 6, 7, 8, and 9, Western Australia. Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 80: 1-13.

Hornibrook, N de B. (1968). A Handbook of New Zealand Microfossils. (Foraminifera and Ostracoda): New Zealand Geological Survey Handbook. Wellington: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. 136 pp.

Opik, A. A. (1968). Ordian (Cambrian) Crustacea Bradoriida of Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 103: 1-44.

Stirton, Ruben A., Tedford, Richard H. and Woodburne, Michael O. (1968). Australian tertiary deposits containing terrestial mammals (University of California publications in geological sciences v. 77). Berkeley, University of California Press. 30 pp.

 

1969

Monographs/technical volumes:

Campbell, K. S. W. (1969). Stratigraphy and palaeontology: essays in honour of Dorothy Hill. Canberra: Australian National University Press.

Hill, Dorothy and Jell, J. S. (1969). Devonian Corals from Ukalunda\t, Geologicial Survey of Queensland Publication 340: 1-27.

Lindsay, J. M. (1969). Cainozoic foraminifera and stratigraphy of the Adelaide Plains Sub-Basin, South Australia. Geological Survey of South Australia Bulletin 42: 1-60.

Shergold, J. H. (1969). Oryctocephalidae (Trilobita: Middle Cambrian) of Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 104: 1-66.

 

Popular science:

Laseron, Charles F., revised by Brunnschweiler, Rudolf O. (1969). Ancient Australia; the story of its past geography and life (revised edition). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 253 pp. [US version published by Taplinger Pub. Co. with same title]

 

1970

Monographs/technical volumes:

Hill, Dorothy and Jell, John S. (1970). Devonian corals from the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 121: 1-157.

Opik, Armin A. (1970). Redlichia of the Ordian (Cambrian) of Northern Australia and New South Wales. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 114: 1-66.

 

1971

Monographs/technical volumes:

Roberts, John. (1971). Devonian and Carboniferous brachiopods from the Bonaparte Gulf Basin, Northwestern Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin 122.

Thomas, G. A. (1971). Carboniferous and early Permian brachiopods from Western and Northern Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin 56. vi + 276 pp.

 

Children's books:

Mincham, Hans and Richardson, Rich (illustrator). (1971). Prehistoric Australia (An Australian golden book). Sydney: Golden Press. 63 pp. [published in 1976 by Lloyd O'Neil; published in 1979 by Budget Books in association with Lloyd O'Neil; published in 1983 by Lloyd O'Neil for Currey O'Neil]

 

1972

Monographs/technical volumes:

Bate, R. H. (1972). Upper Cretaceous Ostracoda from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Special Papers in Palaeontology 10. v + 85 pp., 42 figs, 27 pls, 2 tables.

 

1973

Monographs/technical volumes:

Cookson, Isabel C., Glover, John E. and Playford, Geoffrey. (1973). Mesozoic and cainozoic palynology: essays in honour of Isabel Cookson. Special publication (Geological Society of Australia) no. 4. Canberra: Geological Society of Australia. x + 211 pp.

 

Children's books:

Stone, Douglas M. (1973). Golden stamp book of Australian fossils. Gladesville, N.S.W.: Golden Press. 48 pp.

 

1974

Popular science:

Pledge, Neville S. (1974). Fossils of the Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges. Adelaide: Govt. Pr. 13 pp., 8 pls.

 

1975

Monographs/technical volumes:

Neale, John W. (1975). The Ostracod fauna from the Santonian Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of Gingin, Western Australia. Special Papers in Palaeontology 16: v + 125 pp.

Quilty, Patrick G. (1975). An annotated bibliography of the palaeontology of Western Australia, 1814-1974. Perth: Govt. Pr. 263 pp.

 

Children's books:

Stone, Douglas M. and Bawden, Sharman N. (1975). Australian Fossils (An Australian Golden Pocket Guide). Golden Press. 111 pp. [republished in 1979 by Lloyd O’Neil]

 

1977

Monographs/technical volumes:

Pojeta, John and Gilbert-Tomlinson, Joyce. (1977). Australian Ordovician pelecypod molluscs. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 174: 1-64.

 

1978

Monographs/technical volumes:

Belford, D. J. and Scheibnerova, V. (compilers). (1978). The Crespin volume: essays in honour of Irene Crespin. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 192. ix + 172 pp.

Grey, Kathleen. (1978). Devonian atrypid brachiopods from the reef complexes of the Canning Basin. Perth: Geological Survey of Western Australia. iii + 70 pp.

 

1979

Monographs/technical volumes:

Nicoll, Robert S. and Druce, E. C. (1979). Conodonts from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 190. v + 134 pp.

Tasch, P. and Jones, P. J. (1979). Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic conchostracans of Australia: three new studies. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 185. vii + 47 pp., 7 pls.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia. (1979). The Dromornithidae, an extinct family of large ground birds endemic to Australia. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics 184: 1-196.

 

1980

Popular science:

Pledge, Neville S. (1980). Vertebrate Fossils of South Australia. Adelaide: South Australian Museum. 11 pp., 8 pls. [reprint; Extract from "S.A. Year Book, 1980"]

 

1982

Monographs/technical volumes:

Opik, Armin A. (1982). Dolichometopid trilobites of Queensland, Northern Territory and New South Wales. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 175. v + 85 pp. + 32 pls.

Playford, G., Rigby, J. F. and Archibald, D. C. (1982). A Middle Triassic flora from the Moolayember Formation, Bowen Basin, Queensland. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Dept. of Mines.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia and Thompson, E. M. (eds.). (1982). The Fossil vertebrate record of Australasia. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University. xiii + 759 pp.

 

1983

Monographs/technical volumes:

Roberts, J. and Jell, P. A. (1983). Dorothy Hill Jubilee Memoir: proceedings of a meeting organised by the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, a specialist group of the Geological Society of Australia Inc., at the University of Queensland, 9th and 10th September, 1982. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 1. 371 pp., 47 pls.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia and Thompson, E. M. (eds.). (1983). The Fossil vertebrate record of Australasia (revised ed.). Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Offset Printing Unit.

 

Popular science:

Quirk, Susan and Archer, Michael (eds.), with Schouten, Peter (illustrator). (1983). Prehistoric animals of Australia. Sydney: Australian Museum. 80 pp.

Sadler, Tony, Pledge, Neville S. and Morris, Beryl. (1983). Fossils of Southern Australia. Part 1. Sea urchins of the Murray River cliffs. Seaton, S. Aust.: Quoll Enterprises for T. Sadler. xxx + 34 pp.

 

Children's books:

Mackness, Brian and Wright, Ken (illustrator). (1983). Dinosaurs & ancient Australia (Australian golden project book). Sydney: Golden Press. 24 pp.

 

1984

Monographs/technical volumes:

Cockbain, A. E. (1984). Stromatoporoids from the Devonian reef complexes, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Bulletin 129. viii + 107 pp.

Gravestock, David I. (1984). Archaeocyatha from lower parts of the lower Cambrian carbonate sequence in South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 2: 1-139.

 

Popular science:

Laseron, Charles F., revised by Brunnschweiler, Rudolf O. (1984). Ancient Australia; the story of its past geography and life (second revised edition) (Australian Natural Science Series). London; Sydney: Angus and Robertson. x + 342 pp., 40 pls.

Ludbrook, Nelly H. (1984). Quaternary molluscs of South Australia. Adelaide: Dept. of Mines and Energy. 327 pp.

Murray, Peter. (1984). Australia's prehistoric animals. Sydney, N.S.W.: Methuen Australia. 32 pp. [reprinted in 1985]

 

Children's books:

White, Mary E. and Dunphy, Dorothy (illustrator). (1984). Australia's prehistoric plants & their environment. Sydney: Methuen Australia. 32 pp. [also a 1985 edition]

 

1985

Monographs/technical volumes:

Cooper, Roger. (1985). Hornibrook Symposium: extended abstracts. Lower Hutt, N.Z.: New Zealand Geological Survey, Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research. 109 pp.

Lindsay, J. Murray (ed.). (1985). Stratigraphy, palaeontology, malacology: papers in honour of Dr. Nell Ludbrook (Special publication (South Australia. Department of Mines and Energy) no. 5). Parkside: Dept. Mines and Energy, South Australia. viii + 387.

 

Popular science:

McNamara, Ken, Murray, Peter and Ruse, Jill (illustrator). (1985). Prehistoric Mammals of Western Australia. Perth: The Western Australian Museum. 32 pp.

Pledge, Neville S. (1985). Fossils of the Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges (2nd ed.). Adelaide: South Australian Museum. 26 pp.

Vickers-Rich, P., Van-Tets, G. F. and Knight, F. (eds.), with Knight, Frank (illustrator). (1985). Kadimakara: Extinct vertebrates of Australia. Victoria, Australia: Pioneer Design Studio.

 

1986

Monographs/technical volumes:

Jell, P. A. and Roberts, J. (eds.). (1986). Plants and invertebrates from the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra fossil bed, South Gippsland, Victoria. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 3: i-x, 1-205.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia and Thompson, E. M. (eds.). (1986). The Fossil vertebrate record of Australasia (second revised ed.). Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Offset Printing Unit.

Woodburne, M. O. and Clemens, W. A. (eds.). Revision of the Ektopodontidae (Mammalia; Marsupialia; Phalangeroidea) of the Australian Neogene. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences Vol. 131.

 

Popular science:

Archer, Michael, Hand, Suzanne J. and Godthelp, Henk. (1986). Uncovering Australia's Dreamtime. Surrey Beatty & Sons.

White, Mary E. (1986). The Greening of Gondwana: The 400 Million Year Story of Australia's Plants. Reed Books. [US version published by Princeton University Press as 'The Flowering of Gondwana', which was itself reprinted in 1990; second edition (1995); third edition (1998)]

 

1987

Monographs/technical volumes:

Jell, Peter A. (ed.). (1987). Studies in Australian Mesozoic palynology. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 4: 1-341.

 

Popular science:

Hand, Suzanne J. and Archer, Michael (eds.), with Schouten, Peter (illustrator). (1987). The Antipodean Ark: creatures from prehistoric Australia. North Ryde, N.S.W.: Angus & Robertson. 90 pp.

Mackness, Brian. (1987). Prehistoric Australia: 4000 million years of evolution in Australia. Sydney: Golden Press. 192 pp.

 

Children's books:

Breidahl, Harry and Knight, Frank (illustrator). (1987). Gifts from Gondwanaland: the story of ancient Australia. South Melbourne: Macmillan Australia. 32 pp.

Rich, Leaellyn S. and Vickers-Rich, Patricia. (1987). Australian armoured fish and their world (the palaeozoic) (Australian golden project book). Sydney: Golden Press. 24 pp.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia. (1987). Australian dinosaurs and their world (the Mesozoic) (Australian golden project book). Sydney: Golden Press. 24 pp.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia, Rich, Leaellyn S., Scott, Bronwyn (illustrator), Knight, Frank (illustrator) and Gelt, Draga (illustrator). (1987). Australia's prehistoric birds and carnivorous kangaroos and their world (the cainozoic). Sydney: Golden Press. 24 pp.

 

1988

Monographs/technical volumes:

Jell, P. A. (ed.). (1988). Devonian and Carboniferous fish studies. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 7: 1-144.

Jell, P. A. and Playford, G. (eds.). (1988). Palynological and palaeobotanical studies in honour of Basil E. Balme. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 5: 1-341.

Veron, J. E. N. and Kelley, R. (1988). Species stability in reef corals of Papua New Guinea and the Indo-Pacific. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 6: 1-69.

 

Popular science:

Higgins, Geoff and Hermes, Neil. (1988). Australia, the land time forgot: the origins of our land, plants and animals. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Child & Associates. 144 pp.

 

Children's books:

Pride, Marilyn and Molnar, Ralph E. (1988). Australian dinosaurs and their relatives. Sydney: Collins Australia in association with Anne Ingram Books. 30 pp.

 

1989

Monographs/technical volumes:

Jell, P. A. and Pickett, J. W. (eds.). (1989). Fossil Cnidaria 5: proceedings of the fifth International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria, including Archaeocyatha and Spongiomorphs held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 25-29 July 1988. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 8: 1-438.

Jones, P. J. (1989). Lower Carboniferous Ostracoda (Beyrichicopida and Kirkbyocopa) from the Bonaparte Basin, northwestern Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 228. vi + 97 pp.

 

Popular science:

Anderson Atholl J. (1989). Prodigious Birds: Moas and Moa-Hunting in Prehistoric New Zealand. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [sample pages]

 

1990

Monographs/technical volumes:

Bengtson, S., Conway Morris, S., Cooper, B. J., Jell, P. A. and Runnegar, B. N. (1990). Early Cambrian fossils from South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 9: 1-364.

Jell, P. A. (ed.). (1990). Devonian and Carboniferous coral studies. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 10: 1-254.

Shergold, J. H., Laurie, J. R. and Xiaowen, Sun. (1990). Classification and review of the trilobite order, Agnostida Salter, 1864: an Australian perspective. Canberra : Australian Govt. Pub. Service. iv + 92 pp.

 

Popular science:

Brazier, R. C., Keyes, Ian W. and Stevens, Graeme R. (1990). The great New Zealand fossil book: pictures of ancient life in an evolving land. Lower Hutt, N.Z.: New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. 112 pp.

White, Mary E. (1990). The Nature of Hidden Worlds – Animals and Plants in Prehistoric Australia and New Zealand. Reed Books. [published in 1989?; 1993 edition by Kangaroo Press as 'Reading the Rocks' with same subtitle, which was itself reprinted in 1999]

White, Mary E. and Muche, Robyn (illustrator). (1990a). Muttaburrasaurus: An Australian Dinosaur in Its Time and Space. Houghton Mifflin.

White, Mary E. and Muche, Robyn (illustrator). (1990b). Amphibians of the Triassic: Tadpole Hunting 220 Million Years Ago. Houghton Mifflin.

 

Children's books:

Arnold, Caroline and Hewett, Richard. (1990). Dinosaurs down under: and other fossils from Australia. New York: Clarion Books. 48 pp.

Flannery, Timothy F. and Kendall, Paula. (1990). The Age of Dinosaurs in Australia. Sydney: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 62 pp.

Krok, Lois. (1990). Aussie dinosaurs. Milton, Queensland: Jacaranda Press. 32 pp.

 

1991

Monographs/technical volumes:

Darragh, Thomas A. and Kendrick, George W. (1991). Maastrichtian bivalvia (including Inoceramidae) from the Miria Formation, Carnarvon Basin, north western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 36: 1-102.

Jell, P. A. (ed.). (1991). Australian Ordovician brachiopod studies. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 11: 1-177.

McNamara, Kenneth J., Long, John A. and Brimmell, K. (1991). Catalogue of type fossils in the Western Australian Museum. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 39: 1-106.

Vickers-Rich, P., Monaghan, J. M., Baird, R. F. and Rich, T. H. (1991). Vertebrate Palaeontology of Australasia. Lilydale, Victoria: Pioneer Design Studio, in co-operation with the Monash University Publications Committee, Melbourne. xv + 1437 pp. [reprinted in 1991; also a 1996 edition with dust jacket bound in green cloth]

 

Popular science:

Archer, Michael, Hand, Suzanne J. and Godthelp, Henk. (1991). Riversleigh: The Story of Animals in Ancient Rainforests of Inland Australia. Sydney: Reed Books. 264 pp. [Foreword by David Attenborough; reprinted 1994 (with 'Whitley Award Winner' on cover) & 1996; reprinted in paperback in 2000 by Reed New Holland as 'Australia’s Lost World: Riversleigh, World Heritage Site']

Long, John A. (1991). Dinosaurs of Australia, and other animals of the Mesozoic Era. Sydney: Reed Books. 88 pp.

Long, John A. and McNamara, K. J. (1991). Sea Monsters- Bizarre and unusual creatures from seas of the prehistoric past and present. Perth: The Western Australian Museum. 40 pp.

McClish, Bruce and Berry, Ruth (illustrator). (1991). Time traveller's guide to ancient Australia. Prahran, Victoria: Gould League of Victoria. 32 pp.

 

Children's books:

Cox, Geoffrey J. (1991). Prehistoric Animals of New Zealand. HarperCollins Publishers New Zealand. 40 pp.

Morris, Jill et al. (1991). Suzanne Hand and palaeontology. Carlton, Victoria: Curriculum Corporation. 24 pp.

 

1992

Monographs/technical volumes:

Peng, Sanchi. (1992). Upper Cambrian biostratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the Cili-Taoyuan area, northwestern Hunan. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 13: 1-119.

Zang, W. and Walter, M. R. (1992). Late Proterozoic and Cambrian microfossils and biostratigraphy, Amadeus basin, central Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 12: 1-132.

 

Popular science:

Flannery, Timothy F. and Kendall, Paula. (1992). Australia's Inland Sea. Sydney: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 64 pp.

McNamara, Kenneth J. (1992). A guide to the fossils of the Albany region. Perth: Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum. 12 pp.

McNamara, Kenneth J. and Brimmell, K. (1992). A guide to the fossils of the Newmarracarra limestone. Perth: Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum. 12 pp.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia, Rich, Leaellyn and Auslebrook, Kerrie. (1992). Australia Long, Long Ago (The Southeast, Victoria): a Geological Story. Melbourne: Paleoscriptis. 32 pp. [uncertain if authorship order is correct]

 

1993

Monographs/technical volumes:

Jell, Peter A. (1993). Palaeontological Studies in Honour of Ken Campbell: Proceedings of a Meeting of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, a Specialist Group of the Geological Society of Australia Inc., at the Australian National University, 8-10 February 1993, on the Occasion of the Retirement of Ken Campbell from the Staff of the Australian National University. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 15: 1-459.

Johnston, Paul A. (1993). Lower Devonian Pelecypoda from southeastern Australia. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 14: 1-134.

Skwarko, S. K. (1993). Palaeontology of the Permian of Western Australia. East Perth, W.A.: Geological Survey of Western Australia. viii + 417 pp.

 

Popular science:

Long, John A. (1993). Dinosaurs of Australia and other animals of the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. Sydney: Reed Books. 88 pp.

McNamara, Kenneth J., Friend, Duncan and Long, John A. (1993). A Guide to the Fossils of the Gingin Chalk (2nd. revised edition). Perth: The Western Australian Museum. 16 pp. [was available as a PDF either here or here; I downloaded a copy so can send to those interested]

Vickers-Rich, Patricia and Rich, Thomas H. (1993). Wildlife of Gondwana: The 500-million-year history of vertebrate animals from the ancient southern supercontinent. Sydney: Reed. 276 pp.

 

Children's books:

Pride, Marilyn and Molnar, Ralph E. (1993). Dinosaurs of Australia (revised ed.). Pymble, NSW: Angus & Robertson. 31 pp.

 

1994

Monographs/technical volumes:

Darragh, Thomas A. and Kendrick, George W. (1994). Maastrichtian scaphopoda and gastropoda from the Miria Formation, Carnarvon Basin, northwestern Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 48: 1-76.

McNamara, Kenneth J. and Kendrick, George W. (1994). Cenozoic Molluscs and Echinoids of Barrow Island, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 53: 1-50. [in the Abstract the two taxa "Clypeaster tumulus sp. nov." and "Echinolampas butleri sp. nov." are erroneously assigned the wrong genera, viz. their basionyms are actually Clypeaster butleri and Echinolampas tumulus]

Schäfer, P. and Grant-Mackie, J. (1994). Triassic Bryozoa from the Murihiku and Torlesse Supergroups, New Zealand. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 16: 1-52.

 

Popular science:

White, Mary E. (1994). After the Greening: The Browning of Australia. Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. 288 pp. [also published by Houghton Miflin?]

 

1995

Monographs/technical volumes:

Jell, P. A. (ed.). (1995). APC94: papers from the First Australian Palaeontological Convention, held at Macquarie University, February 1994. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 18: 1-208.

Rickards, R. B., Packham, G. H., Wright, A. J. and Williamson, P. L. (1995). Wenlock and Ludlow graptolite faunas and biostratigraphy of the Quarry Creek district, New South Wales. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 17: 1-68.

 

Popular science:

White, Mary E. (1995). The Greening of Gondwana: The 400 Million Year Story of Australia's Plants (second edition). Hamlyn. [first edition (1986); third edition (1998)]

 

Children's books:

Morrissey, David, Pascoe, Stephen (maps) and Beckett, Alexis (illustrator). (1995). The age of mammals. South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia. 32 pp.

Yeend, Norman. (1995). Muttaburrasaurus: life in Gondwana. Sydney: ABC Books. 28 pp.

 

1996

Popular science:

Prideaux, Gavin J. and Pledge, Neville S. (1996). The natural history of the Lake Palankarinna fossil reserve. Adelaide: South Australian Museum. 55 pp., 11 pls.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia, Rich, Leaellyn Suzanne and Rich, Thomas H. (1996). Australia's Lost World: A History of Australia's Backboned Animals. Kenthurst, N.S.W.: Kangaroo Press. 128 pp.

 

1997

Monographs/technical volumes:

Long, John A., Barwick, R. E. and Campbell, K. S. W. (1997). Osteology and Functional Morphology of the Osteolepiform Fish Gogonasus andrewsae Long, 1985, from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 53: 1-89.

 

Popular science:

Kendrick, George W., McNamara, Kenneth J. and Brimmell, K. (1997). A guide to the fossils of the Roe Plains. Perth: Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum. 12 pp.

Macdonald, J. Reid, Macdonald, Mary Lee, Vickers-Rich, Patricia, Rich, Leaellyn S. V. and Rich, Thomas H. (1997). Fossil collector's guide. East Roseville: Kangaroo Press. 172 pp.

 

Children's books:

Pride, Marilyn. (1997). More Australian dinosaurs. Pymble, N.S.W.: Angus & Robertson. 32 pp.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia, Rich, Thomas H., Rich, Leaellyn S. and Rich, Tim. (1997a). Australia's ancient backboned animals (The Little Prehistory Books). Kenthurst, N.S.W.: Kangaroo Press. 32 pp.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia, Rich, Thomas H., Rich, Leaellyn S. and Rich, Tim. (1997b). Diprotodon and Its Relatives (The Little Prehistory Books). Kenthurst, N.S.W.: Kangaroo Press. 25 pp.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia, Rich, Thomas H., Rich, Leaellyn S. and Rich, Tim. (1997c). Australia's ancient birds (The Little Prehistory Books). Kenthurst, N.S.W.: Kangaroo Press. 24 pp.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia, Rich, Thomas H., Rich, Leaellyn S. and Rich, Tim. (1997d). Australian dinosaurs (The Little Prehistory Books). Kenthurst, N.S.W.: Kangaroo Press. 24 pp.

 

1998

Monographs/technical volumes:

Briggs, D. J. C. (1998). Permian Productidina and Strophalosiidina from the Sydney-Bowen Basin and New England Orogen: systematics and biostratigraphic significance. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 19: 1-258.

 

Popular science:

Long, John A. (1998). The Dinosaurs of Australia and New Zealand, and other animals of the Mesozoic Era. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. 182 pp. [simultaneously published: Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press]

White, Mary E. (1998). The Greening of Gondwana: The 400 Million Year Story of Australia's Plants (third edition). Kangaroo Press. [have seen the publisher given as 'Rosenberg Publishing' which has same founders, but came into existence later (2002); first edition (1986); second edition (1995)]

 

Children's books:

McKee, Joseph W. A. and Wiffen, Joan. (1998). Mangahouanga Stream: New Zealand's cretaceous dinosaur and marine reptile site. Wellington, N.Z.: Geological Society of New Zealand. 18 pp.

 

1999

Monographs/technical volumes:

Baynes, Alexander and Long, John A. (eds.). (1999). Papers in vertebrate palaeontology. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 57: 1-424.

Bradshaw, Margaret A. (1999). Lower Devonian bivalves from the Reefton Group, New Zealand. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 20: 1-171.

Munson, T. J. and Jell, J. S. (1999). Llandovery rugose corals from the Quinton Formation, Broken River Province, northeast Queensland. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 21: 1-65

 

Popular science:

Pledge, Neville S. (1999). Fossils of the Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges (3rd ed.). Adelaide: South Australian Museum. 28 pp.

Smith, Elizabeth and Smith, Robert (photographer). (1999). Black opal fossils of Lightning Ridge: treasures from the Rainbow Billabong. East Roseville, N.S.W.: Kangaroo Press. 112 pp. [foreword by Tim Flannery]

Vickers-Rich, Patricia and Rich, Thomas H. (1999). Wildlife of Gondwana: Dinosaurs & Other Vertebrates from the Ancient Supercontinent (Life of the Past series). Indiana University Press. 304 pp.

 

Children's books:

Birch, Robin. (1999). Ancient Australia (Focus on Australia series). South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Education. 48 pp.

 

2000

Monographs/technical volumes:

Li, Qianyu and McGowran, Brian. (2000). Miocene foraminifera from Lakes Entrance Oil Shaft, Gippsland, southeastern Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 22: 1-142.

Wright, A. J., Young, G. C., Talent, J. A. and Laurie, J. R. (2000). Palaeobiogeography of Australasian faunas and floras. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 23: 1-515.

 

Popular science:

Rich, Thomas H. and Vickers-Rich, Patricia. (2000). Dinosaurs of Darkness. Bloomington Indiana: Indiana University Press. xii + 222 or 223 pp. [published in 2001 in Australia by Allen & Unwin (Crows Nest, NSW); second edition (2020)]

 

2001

Monographs/technical volumes:

Hand, Suzanne J. and Laurie, J. R. (2001). Riversleigh Symposium 1998: proceedings of a research symposium on Tertiary fossils from Riversleigh and Murgon, Queensland, held at the University of New South Wales, December 1998. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 25: 1-154.

Laurie, J. R. and Foster, C. B. (ed.). (2001). Studies in Australian Mesozoic palynology II. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 24: 1-235.

 

Popular science:

Willis, Paul and Thomas, Abbie. (2001). Digging Up Deep Time: Fossils, Dinosaurs and Megabeasts from Australia’s Distant Past. Sydney: ABC Books. 294 pp. [reprinted in 2004/2005]

 

Children's books:

McLoughlin, Steve and McNamara, Ken. (2001). Ancient floras of Western Australia. Perth: The Western Australian Museum. 42 pp.

 

2002

Monographs/technical volumes:

Laurie, J. R. (ed.). (2002). Palaeo Down Under Conference : papers from the conference held at Kinross-Walaroi School, Orange, New South Wales, July 2000. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 27: 1-188.

McLoughlin, Stephen (compiler). (2002). First International Palaeontological Congress: pre-congress fieldtrip 1: cretaceous-cenozoic floras and landscapes of southeastern Australia. Sydney: Geological Society of Australia. ii + 117 pp.

McLoughlin, Stephen, Tosolini, A.-M. P., Nagalingum, N. S. and Drinnan, A. N. (2002). The Early Cretaceous (Neocomian) flora and fauna of the lower Strzelecki Group, Gippsland Basin, Victoria, Australia. Memoirs of the Australasian Association of Palaeontologists 26: 1-144.

Talent, John A et al. (2002). Palaeozoics of NE Queensland: Broken River region 11-17 July 2002: Post-5 field excursion guidebook. Sydney: Macquarie University Centre for Ecostratigraphy and Palaeobiology. 81 pp.

 

Popular science:

Australian Museum and Archer, Michael [preface only]. (2002). The evolution of Australia: 110 million years of change. Sydney: Australian Museum. 91 pp.

Long, John A., Archer, Michael, Flannery, Timothy F. and Hand, Suzanne J. (2002). Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. University of New South Wales Press, NSW & Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA. 244 pp.

Worthy, Trevor H. and Holdaway, Richard N. (2002). The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).

 

Children's books:

Breidahl, Harry. (2002a). Triassic times (Wildlife of ancient Australia). South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Library. 32 pp.

Breidahl, Harry. (2002b). Jurassic times (Wildlife of ancient Australia). South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Library. 32 pp.

Breidahl, Harry. (2002c). Cretaceous times (Wildlife of ancient Australia). South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Library. 32 pp.

Breidahl, Harry. (2002d). Eocene & Miocene times (Wildlife of ancient Australia). South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Library. 32 pp.

Breidahl, Harry. (2002e). Miocene & Pliocene times (Wildlife of ancient Australia). South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Library. 32 pp.

Breidahl, Harry. (2002f). Pleistocene times (Wildlife of ancient Australia). South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Library. 32 pp.

Cox, Geoffrey J. and Wiffen, Joan. (2002). Dinosaur New Zealand. HarperCollins Publishers New Zealand. 39 pp.

 

2003

Monographs/technical volumes:

Reid, Catherine M. (2003). Permian Bryozoa of Tasmania and New South Wales: systematics and their use in Tasmanian biostratigraphy. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 28: 1-133.

Young, Gavin C. and Goujet, Daniel. (2003). Devonian fish remains from the Dulcie Sandstone and Cravens Peak Beds, Georgina Basin, central Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 65: 1-85.

 

Popular science:

Corcoran, Peter. (2003). A Biological History of Australia, The Story of 600 Million Years of Life. Melbourne: Peter Corcoran. 220 pp.

Rich, Thomas H. and Vickers-Rich, Patricia. (2003). A century of Australian dinosaurs. Launceston: Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery. 124 pp.

 

Children's books:

McClish, Bruce. (2003). Ancient Australia. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Heinemann Library. 32 pp. [For primary and secondary school students]

 

2004

Monographs/technical volumes:

Laurie, J. R. (ed.). (2004). Cambro-Ordovician Studies I. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 30: 1-260.

Laurie, J. R. and Foster, C. B. (2004). Palynological and micropalaeontological studies in honour of Geoffrey Playford. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 29: 1-274.

Molnar, R. E. (2004). Dragons in the Dust: The Palaeobiology of the Giant Monitor Lizard Megalania. Indiana: Indiana University Press. 210 pp.

Murray, Peter F. and Vickers-Rich, Patricia. (2004). Magnificent Mihirungs: The colossal flightless birds of the Australian Dreamtime. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Prideaux, Gavin J. (2004). Systematics and Evolution of the Sthenurine Kangaroos. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 146: i-xviii, 1-623.

 

Popular science:

Gehling, James G. (2004). Field guide: Ediacara-Cambrian of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Adelaide: South Australian Museum. 69 pp.

Wolfe, Richard. (2004). Moa: The Dramatic Story of the Discovery of a Giant Bird. Penguin Global. 250 pp.

 

Children's books:

Long, John A. (2004). Gogo Fish! The story of the Western Australian State fossil emblem. Perth: The Western Australian Museum. 48 pp. [reprinted 2005]

 

2005

Monographs/technical volumes:

Grey, Kathleen. (2005). Ediacaran palynology of Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 31: 1-439.

 

2006

Monographs/technical volumes:

Goudey, Christopher J. (compiler). (2006). A collection of illustrations on the fossils of the Rev. J.E. Tenison Woods with more recent nomenclature. Lara, Victoria: C.J. Goudey. 131 pp.

Paterson, J. R. and Laurie, J. R. (eds.). (2006). Cambro-Ordovician Studies II. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 32: 1-422.

 

Popular science:

Long, John A. (2006). Swimming in Stone: the amazing Gogo fossils of the Kimberley. Fremantle Arts Centre Press. 320 pp.

 

Children's books:

Hocknull, Scott and Cook, Alex. (2006). Amazing facts about Australian dinosaurs. Archerfield, Queensland: Steve Parish Pub. 64 pp.

Hocknull, Scott and Cook, Alex, with Lennon, Paul (illustrator). (2006). How to draw Australian dinosaurs: and other prehistoric animals. Archerfield, Queensland: Steve Parish Publishing. 32 pp.

 

2007

Monographs/technical volumes:

Laurie, J. R. and Paterson, J. R. (eds.). (2007). Papers in honour of John H. Shergold 1938-2006. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 34: 1-562.

Laurie, J. R., Paterson, J. R. and Paterson, J. B. (eds.). (2007). South Australia 2006: Papers from the XI International Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 33: 1-189.

Vickers-Rich, Patricia and Komarower, P. (eds.). (2007). The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 286.

 

Popular science:

Patrick, Kevin and Holgate, Douglas. (2007). Prehistoric Australia. North Sydney, N.S.W.: Random House Australia. 111 pp.

 

Children's books:

Jones, Jenny. (2007). Dinosaurs and other ancient giants of Australia. Chatswood, N.S.W.: New Holland. 48 pp. [reprinted in 2008]

Plant, Andrew. (2007). Australia's dinosaurs. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Heinemann Library. 32 pp.

Rich, Thomas H. V (2007). Polar dinosaurs of Australia (Museum Victoria nature series). Melbourne: Museum Victoria. 40 pp.

 

2008

Monographs/technical volumes:

Brownlaw, R. L. Scott and Jell, John S. (2008). Middle and Upper Devonian Rugose Corals from the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 35: 1-126. [Abstract]

 

Children's books:

Clode, Danielle. (2008). Prehistoric Giants: The Megafauna of Australia (Museum Victoria Nature series). Carlton South: Museum of Victoria. 72 pp. [up to 9th reprint!]

 

2009

Monographs/technical volumes:

Laurie, J. R., Brock, G. A. and Paterson, J. R. (eds.). (2009). Cambro-Ordovician Studies III. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 37: 1-716.

Parker, J. (2009). Taxonomy of Foraminifera from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 36: 1-810.

 

Children's books:

Long, John A. (2009). The Short, Tragic Life of Leo the Marsupial Lion. Perth: The Western Australian Museum. 48pp.

 

2010

Monographs/technical volumes:

Blake, Paul R. (2010). Devonian Corals of the Yarrol Province, Eastern-central Queensland. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 38: 1-191. [Abstract]

Holloway, D. J. and Laurie, J. R. (2010). Siluro-Devonian studies 1. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 39: 1-339.

Pickett, John W. (2010). Fossil corals of Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and Antarctica: bibliography and index. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 40: 1-189. [Abstract]

 

Popular science:

McNamara, Ken and Murray, Peter. (2010). Prehistoric Mammals of Western Australia (revised edition). Perth: The Western Australian Museum. 107 pp.

 

2011

Monographs/technical volumes:

Laurie, J. R., Paterson, J. R. and Brock, G. A. (eds.). (2011). Cambro-Ordovician Studies IV. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 42: 1-492.

Shi, Guang R. et al. (eds.). (2011). Brachiopods: extant and extinct: proceedings of the Sixth International Brachiopod Congress, 1-5 February, 2010, Melbourne, Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 41: 1-366.

 

Popular science:

Kear, Benjamin P. and Hamilton-Bruce, Robert J., with artistic reconstructions by Josh Lee. (2011). Dinosaurs in Australia: Mesozoic Life from the Southern Continent. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. x + 190 pp. [Google Books preview]

 

2012

Monographs/technical volumes:

Beu, Alan G., Nolden, Sascha and Darragh, Thomas A. (2012). Revision of New Zealand Cenozoic fossil Mollusca described by Zittel (1865) based on Hochstetter's collections from the Novara Expedition. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 43: 1-71. [Abstract]

 

Popular science:

Berentson, Quinn. (2012). Moa: the life and death of New Zealand's legendary bird. Nelson: Craig Potton Publishing. 300 pp.

The Australian Heritage Council. (2012). Australia's fossil heritage: a catalogue of important Australian fossil sites. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. xi + 188 pp.

 

Children's books:

McClish, Bruce and Flaherty, Liz. (2012). Ancient Australia. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Pearson Australia. 32 pp.

 

2013

Monographs/technical volumes:

Holloway, D. J. and Laurie, J. R. (2013). Siluro-Devonian studies 2. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 44: 1-207.

Webb, Steve. (2013). Corridors to Extinction and the Australian Megafauna. New York: Elsevier Science Publishers. 308 pp.

 

Children's books:

Ferguson, Daphne and McKay, Jann (illustrator). (2013). Dinosaurs of Australia and other ancient animals (Australian prehistory books). Seven Hills, N.S.W.: Five Senses Education. 34 pp.

 

2014

Monographs/technical volumes:

Laurie, J. R., Paterson, J. R. and Brock, G. A. (eds.). (2014). Cambro-Ordovician Studies V. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 45: 1-419.

 

Children's books:

Richards, Kel and Singleton, Glen (illustrator). (2014). Big Book of Aussie Dinosaurs. Scholastic Australia. 24 pp. [paperback version published in 2015]

 

2015

Monographs/technical volumes:

Mays, Chris. (2015). A late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) south polar palynoflora from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 47: 1-92. [Abstract]

Skovsted, Christian B., Betts, Marissa J., Topper, Timothy P. and Brock, Glenn A. (2015). The early Cambrian tommotiid genus Dailyatia from South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 48: 1-117. [Abstract]

 

Popular science:

Clode, Danielle. (2015). Prehistoric Marine Life in Australia's Inland Sea (Museum Victoria Nature series). Carlton South: Museum of Victoria. 96 pp.

Cook, Alex and Rozefelds, Andrew. (2015). In Search of Ancient Queensland. Queensland Museum with support from BHP Billiton Cannington. 288 pp.

 

Children's books:

Ingram, Mike [as 'Michaelosaurus']. (2015). The Australian dinosaur big book. Oz Publishing. 18 pp. + CD.

Judd, Wes, Pickrell, John, Smith, Lauren (ed.), Xing, Lida (illustrator) and Han, Yujiang (illustrator). (2015). Dinosaurs of Australia. Sydney, NSW: Australian Geographic. 32 pp.

Ouston, Elaine, Pocock, Aaron (illustrator) and Burgemeestre, Kevin (illustrator). (2015). Meet the megafauna: the giant and unusual animals that roamed Australia before and just after humans arrived. Step into the valley ... if you're game. Kilcoy, Queensland: Morris Publishing Australia. 18 pp.

 

2016

Monographs/technical volumes:

Laurie, John R., Kruse, Peter D., Garcia-Bellido, Diego C. and Holmes, James D. (2016). Palaeo Down Under 2: Adelaide 11-15 July 2016. Hornsby, N.S.W. : Geological Society of Australia Incorporated. 91 pp.

Laurie, John R., Percival, I. G., Jago, J. B., Paterson, J. R. and Brock, G. A. (eds.). (2016). Cambro-Ordovician Studies VI. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 49: 1-514.

 

Children's books:

Candler, Gillian and Barraud, Ned. (2016). From Moa to Dinosaurs: Explore & discover ancient New Zealand. Nelson, New Zealand: Potton & Burton. 36 pp.

 

2017

Monographs/technical volumes:

Challinor, Brian and Hudson, Neville. (2017). Early and middle Jurassic belemnites of New Zealand. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 50: 1-69. [Abstract]

 

Popular science:

Poropat, Stephen. (2017). Dinosaur stampede. Winton, Queensland: Australian Age of Dinosaurs. 60 pp.

 

Children's books:

Siva, Rose. (2017a). Dinosaurs and Dragons. Boolarong Press. 118 pp.

Siva, Rose. (2017b). Dinosaurs Fight to Survive. Boolarong Press. 76 pp.

 

2018

Monographs/technical volumes:

Kruse, Pierre D. and Percival, Ian G. (eds.). (2018). Palaeo Down Under 2 Proceedings. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 51: 1-140.

 

Children's books:

Clode, Danielle. (2018). From Dinosaurs to Diprotodons: Australia's amazing fossils. Carlton South: Museum of Victoria. 44 pp.

Jones, Jenny. (2018). Dinosaurs and other ancient giants of Australia. London, United Kingdom ; Chatswood, NSW; Auckland, New Zealand : New Holland Publishers. 48 pp. [either a republication or a second edition]

 

2019

Children's books:

Hill, David and Morris, Phoebe (illustrator). (2019). Dinosaur Hunter: Joan Wiffen's Awesome Fossil Discoveries (David Hill Kiwi Legends). Penguin NZ. 32 pp.

Siva, Rose. (2019). Dinothaw: The search for the coldest dinosaur. Rose Siva. 72 pp.

 

2020

Monographs/technical volumes:

Kruse, Peter D. and Debrenne, Françoise. (2020). Ajax Mine archaeocyaths: A provisional biozonation for the upper Hawker Group (Cambrian stages 3-4), Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 53: 1-238. [Abstract]

 

Popular science:

Dawson, Lyndall. (2020). Tunnels in Time: The Discovery, Ecology and Extinction of Australia's Marsupial Megafauna. Austinmer, NSW: Lyndall Dawson. 164 pp. [Available directly from the author]

Rich, Thomas H. and Vickers-Rich, Patricia. (2020). Dinosaurs of Darkness: In Search of the Lost Polar World (Life of the Past) (second edition). Indiana University Press. 332 pp. [first edition (2000)]

 

Children's books:

Siva, Rose. (2020). Dinopal: Search for opalised dinosaur bones. Rose Siva. 158 pp.

 

2021

Monographs/technical volumes:

Jones, Peter J., Kelman, Andrew and Laurie, John R. (2021). Mississippian Ostracoda from the Bonaparte and canning basins, NW Australia: Platycopina and Podocopida, their biostratigraphy, palaeoecology and palaeozoogeographic links. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 54: 1-162. [Abstract]

McLean, Ross A. and Wright, Anthony J. (2021). The rugose coral 'Phillipsastrea' D'Orbigny and other plocoid genera in the late Silurian to Early Devonian of eastern Australia: revision of previously assigned species and new records. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 55: 1-88. [Abstract]

 

Popular science:

Morton, John G. G. (2021a). Cenozoic Brachiopoda of South Australia: A photographic indentification guide. Wayville, South Australia: John Morton. eBook. 124 pages.

Morton, John G. G. (2021b). Cenozoic Brachiopoda of South Australia: A photographic indentification guide (revised ed.). Wayville, South Australia: John Morton. eBook. 128 pages. ["This edition revised 1/11/21"]

 

Children's books:

Australian Geographic. (2021). Australia's Amazing Dinosaurs. Australian Geographic. 32 pp.

Clode, Danielle. (2021). John Long: Fossil Hunter (Aussie Stem Stars Series). Melbourne: Wild Dingo Press. [Teacher Notes by Vanessa Ryan-Rendall]

Daniels, Inge. (2021). Gordo the Guardian, a night-time adventure. Winton, Queensland: Australian Age of Dinosaurs. 28 pp.

Poropat, Stephen. (2021). Prehistoric Australia: animals to colour and facts to discover. Winton, Queensland: Australian Age of Dinosaurs. 89 pp.

Siva, Rose. (2021). Dino Bone: A Dinosaur Bone Mystery. Rose Siva.

 

2022

Children's books:

Mollard, Myke. (2022). Australian dinosaurs and mega beasts. Warriewood, N.S.W.: Woodslane Press. 48 pp.

Siva, Rose. (2022). Dinocroc: A hunt for ancient crocodiles. Rose Siva.

 

2023

Popular science:

Archer, Michael, Hand, Suzanne J., Long, John A., Schouten, Peter (illustrator) and Worthy, Trevor H. (2023). Prehistoric Australasia: visions of evolution and extinction. Clayton South, Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.

 

Children's books:

Barker, Judith and Frith, Janie (illustrator). (2023). The AU in Dinosaur. Woodslane Press. 32 pp.

 

2024

Popular science:

Cook, Alex and Rozefelds, Andrew. (2024). In Search of Ancient Queensland (2nd ed.). Queensland Museum. 368 pp.

 

Children's books:

Lightfoot, Sarah Jane. (2024). When Dinosaurs Roamed Australia. Affirm Kids. 32 pp.

Mes, Yvonne and Morris, Sylvia (illustrator). (2024). The Opal Dinosaur. Clayton South, Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing. 32 pp.

 

Date or author/s unknown to me

Prehistoric Australia (Australian golden project book). Sydney: Golden Press. 24 pp. [1987?]

 

 

Appendix: Part of the content only

Angst, Delphine and Buffetaut, Eric. (2017). Palaeobiology of Extinct Giant Flightless Birds. London: ISTE Press / Oxford: Elsevier.

Archer, Michael (ed.). (1987). Possums and opossums: studies in evolution. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons / Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales.

Barker, W. R. and Greenslade, P. J. M. (eds.). (1982). Evolution of the flora and fauna of arid Australia. South Australia: Peacock Publications.

Ferrett, Russell. (2022). A guide to Australian rocks, fossils and landscapes : more than 200 amazing geo-sites and landforms, from meteor craters to fossil beds. Sydney, NSW: Reed New Holland. 376 pp.

Glen, A. S. and Dickman, C. R. (eds.). (2014). Carnivores of Australia: Past, Present and Future. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing.

Johnson, Chris. (2006). Australia's Mammal Extinctions: A 50,000 Year History. Port Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press. 278 pp.

Krajewski, Carey et al. (2024). The evolution of Dasyurid marsupials: systematics and family history. Clayton South, Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.

Langtree, Charles W. (1886). A descriptive catalogue of rocks, minerals, and fossils, illustrative of the geology, mineralogy and mining resources of Victoria, exhibited for and on behalf of the Government. Melbourne: Government Printer. ["A revised edition, also rare, was prepared for the Centennial Exhibition, Melbourne, 1888-89" (Andrew Isles NHB)]

MacPhee, Ross D. E. (ed.). (1999). Extinctions in Near Time. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Macphee, Ross D. E. and Schouten, Peter. (2019). End of the Megafauna: The Fate of the World's Hugest, Fiercest, and Strangest Animals. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 256 pp. [hardback and paperback versions]

Martin, P. S. and Klein, R. G. (eds.). (1984). Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 892 pp.

Mawson, Ruth, Talent, John A. and Long, John A. (eds.). (2000). Mid-Palaeozoic Biota And Biogeography. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 58: 1-420.

Merrick, J. R., Archer, M., Hickey, G. M. and Lee, M. S. Y. (eds.). (2006). Evolution and Zoogeography of Australasian Vertebrates. Sydney: Australian Scientific Publishing. 952 pp.

Schmidt, Rolf, Reid, Catherine M., Gordon, Dennis P., Walker-Smith, G. and Percival, Ian G. (2019). Bryozoan Studies 2016: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Bryozoology Association Conference 10-15 April 2016, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs 52: 1-178.

Smith, J. M. B. (ed.). (1982). A history of Australasian vegetation. Sydney: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Taylor, Paul D. and O'Dea, Aaron. (2014). A History of Life in 100 Fossils. Sydney: UNSW Press. 232 pp.

Wiffen, Joan. (1991). Valley Of The Dragons: The Story Of New Zealand's Dinosaur Woman. Glenfield, N.Z.: Random Century. 128 pp.

Alkimos, Eglinton, Yanchep & Two Rocks: towards a complete bibliography

 

Townsites

Alkimos/Eglinton

Chalmers, James. (2015). The Haunting of Memory+A Curse Once Cast+The Street of Cloaks+Alkimos: Four Ghost Stories. Self published. eBook (Kindle). [Available from Amazon]

Darby, R. (2018). Alkimos City Centre Activity Centre Plan [report]. prepared by Roberts Day Pty Ltd.

Hoschke, A., Whisson, G., & Moore, G. (2023). Complete list of fishes recorded from the Perth Coast (Mandurah to Two Rocks). The Perth Coast Fish Book. Aqua Research and Monitoring Services, Perth, 262-273.

Krakouer, Ray. (c.1999). Yarns from the Alkimos & other yarns. Perth, W.A.: Ray Krakouer. 36 pp.

Landcorp, Eglinton Estates PTY LTD, Peet Alkimos PTY LTD and Alkimos Lot 101 Joint Venture. (2020). Alkimos Eglinton District Structure Plan (Amendment 02) [Report]. Prepared for and Submitted to the City of Wanneroo. [automatic download]

Nairn, John, with the cooperation of Jack Sue. (1975). The ghost of Alkimos. Perth, W.A.: Skindivers. 52 pp.

Palmer, Dave J. (2021). Alkimos Aboriginal Heritage Survey Cultural survey [report]. Prepared by Moodjar Consultancy for Development WA, February 2021.

Roe, Phillip. (2005). Ghostwriting: The Alkimos and its Ghosts. Transformations 12 (Dec. 2005).

Sue, Jack Wong and Sue, Barry. (2001). Ghost of the Alkimos. Midland, Western Australia: L Smith (WA) Pty Ltd T/A Jack Sue WA Skindivers Publication.

 

---

 

Yanchep

Anglican Church Yanchep, Anglicans Make Yanchep Your Harbour, 1983-88.

Anonymous. (1938). Yanchep. Early Days, Journal and Proceedings, Royal Australian Western Historical Society 3(1): 48.

Anonymous. (1986). Production and History of the 5200 ha Farm at Yanchep, Countryman, 3/4/86 p. 12.

Bosserelle, Cyprien, Gallop, Shari L., Haigh, Ivan D. and Pattiaratchi, Charitha B. (2021). The Influence of Reef Topography on Storm-Driven Sand Flux. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 9(3): 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030272

Buckman, P. G. (1989). Division of Animal Health Conference 1989, held at Club Capricorn, Yanchep June 6 to 9, 1989 [Western Australia].[Conference papers]. 43 pp.

Burking, R. C. and Kessell, A. C. (1986). Damage report of the West Coast Wildfires in the Cervantes-Hill River, North Lancelin and North Yanchep Areas January 1986, and the Effects on the Western Australian Beekeeping Industry. Department of Agriculture, Apiculture Section, Western Australia.

Clarke-Gazzard Planners. (1972). Yanchep Sun City, Perth, Western Australia master plan, prepared for Yanchep Estates Pty. Ltd. by Clarke-Gazzard Planners Pty.Ltd. West Perth: Clarke-Gazzard Planners, 1972.

Daniels, G. and Cockman, M. (1979). The Story of Wanneroo. Shire of Wanneroo.

Dawkins, Tim and Travaglione, Rebecca. (2020). Metronet Yanchep Rail Extension: Yanchep Train Station. Report prepared for Newest Alliance / Public Transport Authority.

Department of Lands & Surveys. (1967). Survey of Coast & Road Lines from Wanneroo to Yanchep, James Cowle Field Book No.2 May.

Downey, J. H. (1958). History of Yanchep. Thesis, Claremont Teachers’ College.

Elphinstone, P. (1983). Yanchep Sun City, WA Homes & Living, No.4, pp. 108-112.

Finn, Hugh. (2022). Third Party Referral (WA EPA): Change of land use, purpose and condition of land within the Gnangara, Pinjar and Yanchep pine plantations (Gnangara-Moore River State Forest, State Forest 65).

Gallop, S. L., Bosserelle, Cyprien, Eliot, I. and Pattiaratchi, Charitha B. (2012). The influence of limestone landforms on erosion and recovery of a perched beach. Cont. Shelf Res. 47: 16-27.

Gallop, S. L., Bosserelle, Cypriend, Pattiaratchi, Charitha B. and Eliot, I. (2011). Rock topography causes spatial variation in the wave, current and beach response to sea breeze activity. Mar. Geol. 290: 29-40.

Gentilli, J. (Comp.) with an historical chapter by D.R. Scott. (1963). The Yanchep Area. Nedlands: Geographical Society of Western Australia. 25 pp.

Gentilli, J. (ed.), with assisstance from Hugo Bekle. (1998). Wanneroo, Joondalup, Yanchep: environment, people, planning. Joondalup, Western Australia: City of Joondalup / City of Wanneroo.

Gozzard, J. R. (1982). Yanchep Sheet 2034 IV, Perth Metropolitan Region, Environmental Geology Series, Geological Survey of Western Australia.

Hamlet, Jo. (2000). How To Write Right: A Step By Step Guide To Short Story Writing. [publisher?]

Hamlet, Jo and Langley-Kemp, J. (eds.). (2000). Yanchep / Two Rocks: Yesterday and Today. Wanneroo: Readers’ World.

Havel, J. J. (1968). The potential of the northern Swan Coastal Plain for Pinus pinaster Ait plantations. Perth, WA: Forests Department.

He, F. (2024). The Distributions of Six Cryptic Reptile Species in the Perth Region, Western Australia: Appraising Their Persistence in a Transforming Landscape. Journal of The Royal Society of Western Australia 107: 1-20.

Hingston, F. J. and Gailitis, V. (1976). The geographic variation of salt precipitated over Western Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research 14(3): 319-335. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9760319

Hoschke, A., Whisson, G., & Moore, G. (2023). Complete list of fishes recorded from the Perth Coast (Mandurah to Two Rocks). The Perth Coast Fish Book. Aqua Research and Monitoring Services, Perth, 262-273.

Krakouer, Ray. (c.1999). Yarns from the Alkimos & other yarns. Perth, W.A.: Ray Krakouer. 36 pp.

LaMont, D. and Bradbury, H. (1985). The Charm of Yanchep. Landscape 1(3): 2-5.

Lawson, B. (1979). Yanchep Sun City: A WA playground in WA. Winter 4(1): 23-28.

Mackay, G. P. (1963). The Yanchep Area. Thesis, City of Wanneroo.

Mawbey, V. (1979). Invasion at Yanchep (Japanese takeover). Australasian Post, 1 March 1979, pp. 9-11.

Moloney, A. (1979). The Story of Yanchep. Thesis, Copy in Whitford Library, Western Australia.

Rising Sun Rules Behand Clouds of Public Relations, Yanchep Sun City, Drewe, Robert, Bulletin, (Sydney), 30 March 1982, pp. 52-53,55.

Roberts Day. (2010). Yanchep - Two Rocks District Structure Plan (November 2010). Roberts Day Pty Ltd. [automatic download]

Shapcott, L. E. (1933). The Story of Yanchep: the western wonderland. Perth (W.A.): Government Printer, Perth, Western Australia.

Wapet. (1969). Yanchep Seismic Survey. Final report, Bureau of Mineral Resources, P.S.S.A. Report, 65/11050.

Western Australian Planning Commission. (1996). Metropolitan Region Scheme Amendment No 975/33 St Andrews (Yanchep-Two Rocks), North West Corridor, City of Wanneroo: Technical Report. Western Australian Planning Commission.

Yanchep Estates Pty Ltd. (1972). Yanchep Sun City Leisure Region Master Plan, August 1972, Clarke Gazzard Planners - Urban Systems Corporation.

Yanchep Sun City Pty Ltd. (1975). Concept Plan 1975,- Yanchep Sun City.

Yanchep Sun City Structure Plan. (1983). Report No.1, Ralph Stanton Planners, Preliminary Development Plan for Precinct 1 - Two Rocks May.

 

Proposed Yanchep international campus of Murdoch University

Acott, K. (1986). War of words over Yanchep withdrawal. The West Australian, February 26.

Asian Dollars Seek Australian Degrees: Education. (no date). Proposed by the Japanese Tokyu Corporation to establish Australia's first international university for fee paying students at Yanchep Sun City.

Dawson, C. (1986). WAIT takes the place of Murdoch in plan for Yanchep. The Australian. February 2.

Murdoch University Academic Staff Association (MUASA). (1985). Staff survey on the proposed Yanchep International Campus. [cited by (Trestrail, 2005)]

Newman, J. (1986). Yanchep campus plans go ahead. The West Australian. February 25.

Pearce, B. (1986). No regard for fact or logic in Yanchep view. Letter in The Australian, June 4.

Stone, D. (1987). The failure of the Yanchep International Campus: A case study in the politics of marketing Education. Politics 22(2): 1-14.

The Australian. (1986). Yanchep plan under fire. March 5.

The West Australian. (1985a). Yanchep Sun City Uni poised for green light. August 16.

The West Australian. (1985b). University plan causes alarm. August 15.

The West Australian. (1985c). Ryan cautious on private campus. October 14.

The West Australian. (1985d). Hitch for Yanchep uni plan. September 14.

The West Australian. (1986). Pearce to put campus case for Yanchep. January 13.

Trestrail, Colin. (2005). Full-fee paying international students at Murdoch University 1985-1991: a policy case study. PhD dissertation, Curtin University. [automatic download]

 

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Two Rocks

Beckley, L. E., Holliday, D., Muhling, B. A., Gaughan, D. J. and Waite, A. M. (2007). Leeuwin Current eddies and potential impacts on Western Australian coastal fisheries. In AMSA 2007.

Curtin, E. (2012). Case 5: Two Rocks Primary School, Western Australia.

Ewing, J. O. (1982). Addendum to Application for Re-zoning, Two Rocks Yanchep Sun City Pty Ltd, Shire of Wanneroo.

Ewing, J. O. (1982). Two Rocks Structure Plan, Yanchep Sun City Pty Ltd, February, Report to the Shire of Wanneroo.

Fandry, C. B., Slawinski, D., & Pender, L. SRFME: Two-Rocks moorings July 2004-July 2005.

Fisher, C. (2020). Planning for large scale greenfield coastal development in the context of sea level rise caused by climate change:'Two Rocks Investments Pty Ltd and Western Australian Planning Commission'. AUSTRALIAN ENVIRONMENT REVIEW, 34(9/10), 222-225.

Gales, N. and Waples, K. (1993). The rehabilitation and release of bottlenose dolphins from Atlantis Marine Park, Western Australia. Aquatic Mammals 19(2): 49-59.

Gwynne, K. (1993). Seiching in Two Rocks Marina (Doctoral dissertation, University of Western Australia).

Hamlet, Jo and Langley-Kemp, J. (eds.). (2000). Yanchep / Two Rocks: Yesterday and Today. Wanneroo: Readers’ World.

Hoschke, A., Whisson, G., & Moore, G. (2023). Complete list of fishes recorded from the Perth Coast (Mandurah to Two Rocks). The Perth Coast Fish Book. Aqua Research and Monitoring Services, Perth, 262-273.

Koslow, J. A., Pearce, A. F., Mortimer, N., Strzelecki, J., Fearns, P., Hanson, C., ... & Begum, A. (2005). Biophysical oceanography off Western Australia: Dynamics across the continental shelf and slope. pp 143-213. In: Keesing JK and Heine, JN (Eds). Strategic Research Fund for the Marine Environment Interim report June 2005.

Koslow, J. A., Pesant, S., Feng, M., Pearce, A., Fearns, P., Moore, T., ... & Waite, A. (2008). The effect of the Leeuwin Current on phytoplankton biomass and production off Southwestern Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 113(C7).

Krakouer, Ray. (c.1999). Yarns from the Alkimos & other yarns. Perth, W.A.: Ray Krakouer. 36 pp.

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Other

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Jasinska, Edyta J. (1995). Water Requirements of Cave Dwelling Fauna in the Yanchep Area. In: Review of proposed changes to environmental conditions. Gnangara Mound Groundwater Resources. Section 46. Appendix 3. pp 113-119. Water Authority of Western Australia.

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Jasinska Edyta J. (1997). Faunae of aquatic root mats in caves of southwestern Australia: origins and ecology. Unpublished PhD Thesis submitted to the Zoology Department, University of Western Australia. http://dx.doi.org/10.26182/5ca30bcd34626

Jasinska, Edyta J. (2000). Physiochemical and biological analysis of water from potential sources of water at Yanchep National Park for use in rehabilitation of the Crystal Cave amphipod population. Report by E. Jasinska to Department of Conservation and Land Management. Perth, Western Australia.

Jasinska, E. J. and Knott, Brenton. (1991). Stability of root mat ecosystems in a groundwater stream. Cabaret Cave, Yanchep National Park, Western Australia. Report to ANPWF, ESP project number 46.

Jasinska, E. J. and Knott, Brenton. (2000). Root-driven faunas in cave waters. In: Ecosystems of the World – Subterranean Ecosystems (Ed in Chief D. W. Goodall; Eds H. Wilkens, D.C. Culver and W. F. Humphreys), vol. 30, Chpt 15: 287-307. Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam.

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Jenkins, C. F. H. (1975). Western Australia, National Parks Board, Yanchep National Park, Government Printer, Perth, Western Australia.

Jenkins, C. F. H. (1985). Yanchep National Park: a guide to its flora and fauna, National Parks Board, W.A.

Kitchener, D. J., Chapman, A. and Barron, G. (1978). Faunal Studies of the Northern Swan Coastal Plain: a Consideration of Past and Future Changes. Perth: Western Australian Museum.

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Lehman, R. J. (1975). Karst Water Characterisation in Aeolian Calcarenite of the Yanchep Area, Western Australia, Thesis, B.A. (Hons.) University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia.

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McComb, J. A. and McComb, A. J. (1967). A preliminary account of the vegetation of Loch McNess, a swamp and fen formation in Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 50: 105-112.

Merrilees, Duncan. (1965). Quokka at Yanchep in historic time. Western Australian Naturalist 10: 18.

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Milligan, A. W. (1903b). Notes on Lake Yanchep. Emu 3: 20-22.

Muir, B. A. (1983). Koalas at Yanchep National Park Western Australia. Australian Symposium of Veterinary Medicine.

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Fritsch's Quagga Photo (1864) taken in South Africa Has Been Rediscovered

By Branden Holmes and Jasper Hulshoff Pol. Published on 27 April 2024.

 

Artist Jasper Hulshoff Pol (website), with minor assistance from Branden Holmes, and confirmed by Dr. Peter Heywood, has rediscovered a stereophoto slide copy of a live Quagga photographed by Gustav Theodor Fritsch (1838-1927) in South Africa on 8 April 1864 (Fritsch, 1868).

 

Introduction

Africa is most often thought of as the continent that retains the largest proportion of its Late Pleistocene (c.126ka-11.7ka) megafauna (≥45kg), with the so-called "Big Five" (lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, buffalo) only the tip of the biological iceberg. Alongside zebras, giraffes, Nile crocodiles, hartebeest, gnu (wildebeest), hippos, Greater kudus, Bongos, Great White sharks, Nile perch, Humpback whales, etc. etc. But palaeontological work over the last few decades has uncovered numerous large mammal (>5kg) extinctions, which are concentrated around the Late Pleistocene-Holocene border (13ka-6ka) (Faith, 2014). With the extinction rate increasing again after European colonisation, with the loss of taxa such as the Bluebuck (Hippotragus leucophaeus) (Hempel et al., 2024), the Cape warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus aethiopicus) (Grubb & d'Huart, 2010), the Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus) (IUCN SSC ASG, 2017) and the Senegalese giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis senegalensis) (Petzold et al., 2020). One of the most famous of these latter disappearances is the Quagga (Equus quagga quagga), not least due to the long-term project (The Quagga Project) attempting to return its quasi-phenotype to southern African savannahs and grasslands (Parsons et al., 2007). It was last recorded in the wild in 1872 (Gippoliti et al., 2018), and the endling died in the Amsterdam Zoo on 12 August 1883 (Willoughby, 1966). It is one of relatively few extinct taxa for which 19th century photos of living individuals exist, and one of few to be the subject of multiple books (Barnaby, 1996; Green, 1996; Spreen, 2016; Heywood, 2022), and this latest photographic find emphasises the fact that research into the Quagga is very much ongoing.

The London Photos: All That Were Taken?

There are five surviving photos (see Appendix) of a Quagga (Equus quagga quagga) mare who resided in the London Zoo from 1851-1872, with her year of death seemingly coinciding with that of the last wild individual (Gippoliti et al., 2018). They were taken by Frank Haes (1863-1864) and Frederick York (1870) (Heywood & Dietrich, 2021), but the last of them was only published (and discovered?) more than a century later in 1991 (Huber, 1991, 1994). And even then, the details of the photographs have been made clearer by further research (Edwards, 1996; Fuller, 2013; Heywood & Dietrich, 2021). Today these five photos are now all freely available on the internet as they are in the public domain, including as part of the Wikipedia article on the subspecies. But it is sometimes stated that she was the only Quagga ever photographed alive (e.g. Huber, 1994; Wikipedia). However, it has been known by a handful of researchers that Gustav Theodor Fritsch (1838-1927), a medical doctor, took at least one (and possibly multiple) photos of a living specimen at the farm of Andrew Hudson Bain, 'Quaggafontein', on 8 April 1864, which was used to produce a photoxylograph (Fritsch, 1868; Barnaby, 1996; Heywood & Dietrich, 2021):

Above: a photoxylograph of a Quagga in South Africa. Reproduced from (Heywood & Dietrich, 2021), who reproduced it from (Fritsch, 1868).

The production of a photoxylograph involves the photochemical transfer of a photographic image onto a woodcut block prior to carving, and the fate of the original photograph/s is unknown (Heywood & Dietrich, 2021). The background has been noted as less photograph-like (Heywood & Dietrich, 2021), suggesting that multiple photographs may have been taken that were used as reference material for the stone wall and window shutters by the woodblock carver (Ibid., p. 8):

"Most probably, in our view, the wood engraving used to produce Figure 1 was reconstructed from other photographic images of these animals as the stone wall in the background with the window and shutters was drawn separately from other reference material and looks less ‘photographic’ than do the animals."

However, it must be noted that Jasper is of the opinion that the photoxylograph was produced from this stereophoto.

The Rediscovery of Fritsch's (1864) Photo

In December 2022, painter Jasper Hulshoff Pol noticed a listing for a slide of a Quagga in a July 1879 catalogue from Max Fritz (Fritz, 1879:8), and set about trying to track it down in case it was a 'new' photograph. Consequently, I sent him the Heywood & Dietrich (2021) paper about the photoxylograph, hoping that it might turn out to be a copy of the original photo. After reading the paper, Jasper searched for Gustav Fritsch and came across an eBay listing of a stereophoto of a zebra made by Gustav Fritsch. He purchased it, and when it arrived he noticed that it was the same image as Fritsch's photoxylograph, only mirrored due to the transfer process involved in photoxylography. I suggested that he contact Dr. Peter Heywood, who happily confirmed that the slide depicts the same Quagga as the photoxylograph (Peter Heywood, pers. comm. to Jasper Hulshoff Pol, December 2022):

 

Above: the front of the slide. Kindly provided by Jasper Hulshoff Pol.

 

Above: the reverse of the slide. Kindly provided by Jasper Hulshoff Pol.

 

A Stereophoto: One Photo, Two Images

The original Max Fritz catalogue listing (Fritz, 1879:8) appears to be for a magic lantern slide for use in projection, which Jasper's slide copy is not. The original eBay listing for Jasper's slide stated that it was a stereophoto, implying that it was taken with a camera that uses two lenses centimetres apart to simulate our slightly different left and right eye positions (see Sleightholme et al., 2016:Fig. 4). When a stereophoto is viewed through a stereoscope it produces a three-dimensional image (Ibid.). This is consistent with some minor differences between the two images that can be seen below, showing that they are taken from slightly different angles: 1) The front legs are more open in the right image, 2) the white object on the ground between the rear legs is obscured more in the left image, 3) the shadow on the back of the right front leg is a different shape, and 4) the duck under the Quagga is in a different position relative to the front and back legs of the latter. Several other possible differences are harder to confidently distinguish given the blurrier quality of the left image.

 Above: a side-by-side comparison of the two frames of the slide, with minor differences between them noticeable. Indicative of a stereophoto, in line with the original eBay listing.

 

Fritsch' Zebra, A True Quagga?

Heywood & Dietrich (2021) provide two lines of evidence to argue that the zebra Fritsch photographed on 8 April 1864 was a true Quagga and not a 'bonte' (striped) Quagga (i.e. Burchell's zebra, E. q. burchelli). The first was the degree of lack of stripes that goes beyond known cases of lesser-striped Burchell's zebra (i.e. no leg striping and reduced body striping), and the second was Fritsch's precision of language in describing the animal as a Quagga and not a bonte Quagga in full knowledge of the difference (Ibid.). Upon receiving a copy of the slide from Jasper via email, Dr. Heywood raised the fact that the slide lists the animal as a 'bonte Quagga' (i.e. well striped Burchell's zebra) and disagreed with this designation, reiterating the first line of argumentation made in his joint paper:

"Clearly, it's the same quagga illustrated in our paper and yet the description terms it "bonte" (striped) and names it as Equus burchelli. I have to disagree with this designation as leg stripes are absent and the body striping is reduced. In fact, the degree of body striping is similar to that in several museum specimens and illustrations labelled as "quagga.""

(Peter Heywood, pers. comm. to Jasper Hulshoff Pol, December 2022)

 

Conclusion

The evidence shows that Gustav Theodor Fritsch took a stereophoto (that produced two images from slightly different angles) of a Quagga on 8 April 1864 in South Africa. With Jasper's discovery of two images on a single stereoscopic slide bringing the total number of images of living Quaggas to at least eight or none: five photographs from London including at least one stereoview (resulting in at least six images), and one stereophoto (two images) and one photoxylograph (one image) (for nine total images), or, one stereophoto (two images) that were used to produce a photoxylographic version of them (for a total of eight images).

The fact that the reverse of the slide falsely identifies the zebra as a 'bonte Quagga' (Equus burchelli) may have prevented the significance of the slide from being recognised earlier. Although copies of such slides must now be relatively rare and not likely to be encountered very frequently. This raises the important possibility that other visual depictions of living Quaggas may await discovery/recognition, so long as the degree of lack of striping can be sufficienty seen to rule out lesser-striped examples of Burchell's zebra (Equus quagga burchelli).

 

Appendix: The five London photographs (1863-1870)

 

 

 

Above: one of two images from the stereoview (see here).

 

 

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