Holmesina septentrionalis (Leidy, 1889)
Northern pampathere
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Glyptodon septentrionalis Leidy, 1889; Chlamytherium septentrionale (Leidy, 1889)
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: Late Pleistocene
Distribution
Florida & Texas, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Leidy, J. (1889a). Fossil vertebrates from Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1889: 96-97.
Other references:
Bravo-Cuevas, Victor Manuel and Jiménez-Hidalgo, Eduardo. (2018). Advances on the Paleobiology of Late Pleistocene mammals from central and southern Mexico, pp. 277-313. In: Huard, Gaeten and Gareau, Jeannine (eds.). The Pleistocene: Geography, Geology, and Fauna. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Cahn, A. R. (1922). Chlamytherium septentrionalis, a fossil edentate new to the fauna of Texas. Jour. Mamm., III, pp. 22-24.
Castellanos, A. (1927). Breves notas sobre los clamidoterios. Centro Estud. de Ingeneria de Rosario. Pp. 1-8.
Faunmap working group. 1994 FAUNMAP: a database documenting late Quaternary distributions of mammal species in the United States. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers 25(1-2), 1-690.
Hay, O. P. (1926). A collection of Pleistocene vertebrates from southwestern Texas. Proc. T. S. Nat. Mus., LXVIII, Art. 24, pp. 1-18.
Hulbert Jr., R. C. and Morgan, G. S. (1993). Quantitative and qualitative evolution in the giant armadillo Holmesina (Edentata: Pampatheriidae) in Florida, pp. 134-177. In: Martin, R. A. and Barnosky, A. D. (eds.). Morphologic Change in Quaternary Mammals of North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hulbert, Richard C., Jr. et al. (2024). An Equus-Dominated Middle Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) Vertebrate Fauna from Northcentral Florida, USA. Foss. Stud. 2(4): 294-339. https://doi.org/10.3390/fossils2040014
Jull, A. J. T. et al. (2004). Radiocarbon dating of extinct fauna in the Americas recovered from tar pits. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 223-224: 668-671.
Leidy, J. (1889b). Description of vertebrate remains from Peace Creek, Florida. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., II, pp. 19-31.
Lemoine, Rhys Taylor, Buitenwerf, Robert, Faurby, Sören and Svenning, Jens-Christian. (2025). Phylogenetic Evidence Supports the Effect of Traits on Late-Quaternary Megafauna Extinction in the Context of Human Activity. Global Ecology and Biogeography 34(7): e70078. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70078 [Supporting Information: Data S1]
Lundelius, Ernest L., Jr. (2022). Pleistocene vertebrates from Stonewall County, Texas. In: Morgan, Gary S. et al. Late Cenozoic Vertebrates from the American Southwest: A Tribute to Arthur H. Harris. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 88: 233-257.
Morettia, John A. and Young, John. (2026). Novel occurrences of Late Pleistocene megafauna from Bender’s Cave on the Edwards Plateau of Texas may include evidence of the last interglacial. Quaternary Research. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2025.10071
Sagebiel, J. Chris. (2022). Xenarthrans from the Nueces River fauna, Upper Pleistocene of Nueces County, Texas. In: Morgan, Gary S. et al. Late Cenozoic Vertebrates from the American Southwest: A Tribute to Arthur H. Harris. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 88: 225-231.
Sanders, T. A. (1994). Pleistocene and Holocene Remains from the Red River, Southwest Arkansas. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 48: 163-167.
Scillato-Yané G.J., Carlini A.A., Tonni E.P., Noriega J.I. 2005 Paleobiogeography of the late Pleistocene pampatheres of South America. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 20(1-2), 131-138.
Sellards, E. H. (1915). Chlamytherium septentrionalis, an edentate from the Pleistocene of Florida. Amer. Jour. Sci., (4) XL, pp. 139-145.
Simpson, George Gaylord. (1928). Pleistocene mammals from a cave in Citrus County, Florida. American Museum Novitates 328: 1-16.
Simpson, George Gaylord. (1929a). Pleistocene mammalian fauna of the Semmole Field, Pinellas County, Florida. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., LVI, pp. 561-599.
Simpson, George Gaylord. (1929b). The extinct land mammals of Florida. Ann. Rept. Fla. State Geol. Surv., XX, pp. 229-280.
Simpson, George Gaylord. (1930). Holmesina septentrionalis, extinct giant armadillo of Florida. American Museum Novitates 442: 1-10.
Smith F.A., Lyons S.K., Ernest S.K.M., Jones K.E., Kaufman D.M., Dayan T., Marquet P.A., Brown J.H., Haskell J.P. 2003 Body mass of late Quaternary mammals. Ecology 84(12), 3403-3403.
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