Megadyptes antipodes waitaha (Boessenkool et al., 2009:817)
Waitaha penguin
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Megadyptes waitaha Boessenkool, Austin, Worthy, Scofield, Cooper, Seddon & Waters, 2009: Proc. Roy. Soc. B. 276: 817 – Marfells Beach, South Island. (basionym)
Originally described as a species (Boessenkool et al., 2009:817), it was reduced to a subspecies of Megadyptes antipodes by (Cole et al., 2019).
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: Holocene
Distribution
South & Stewart Islands, New Zealand
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Boessenkool, Sanne et al. (2009). Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand. Proc. R. Soc. B 276: 815-821.
Other references:
Checklist Committee (OSNZ). (2010). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica (4th ed.). Ornithological Society of New Zealand & Te Papa Press, Wellington. [p. 61]
Checklist Committee (OSNZ). (2022). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand (5th edition). Ornithological Society of New Zealand Occasional Publication No. 1. Wellington: Ornithological Society of New Zealand. [p. 12]
Cole, T. L. (2019). Fire and ice: Genomic insights into the evolution, biogeography and extinction of modern penguins. Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy), University of Otago.
Cole, T.L.; Ksepka, D.T.; Mitchell, K.J.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Thomas, D.B.; Pan, H.; Zhang, G.; Rawlence, N.J.; Wood, J.R.; Bover, P.; Bouzat, J.L.; Cooper, A.; Fiddaman, S.; Hart, T.; Miller, G.; Ryan, P.G.; Shepherd, L.D.; Wilmshurst, J.M. & Waters, J.M. (2019). Mitogenomes uncover extinct penguin taxa and reveal island formation as a key driver of speciation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 36: 784-797. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz017
Hume, Julian Pender and Walters, Michael. (2012). Extinct Birds. London: T & AD Poyser. 544 pp.
Miskelly, Colin M., Forsdick, Natalie J., Gill, Brian J., Palma, Ricardo L., Rawlence, Nicolas J. and Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2022). Amendments to the 2010 Checklist of the birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand Occasional Publication No. 2. Wellington: Ornithological Society of New Zealand.
Rawlence, Nicholas J. et al. (2015). Radiocarbon-dating and ancient DNA reveal rapid replacement of extinct prehistoric penguins. Quaternary Science Reviews 112: 59-65. [Abstract]
Rawlence, Nicholas J., Tennyson, Alan J. D., Cole, Theresa L., Verry, Alexander J. F. and Scofield, R. Paul. (2018). Evidence for breeding of Megadyptes penguins in the North Island at the time of human arrival. Journal New Zealand Journal of Zoology 46(2): 165-173. [Abstract]
Robertson, H. A., Baird, K. A., Elliott, G. P., Hitchmough, R. A., McArthur, N. J., Makan, T. D., Miskelly, Colin M., O’Donnell, C. F. J., Sagar, P. M., Scofield, R. P., Taylor, G. A. and Michel, P. (2021). Conservation status of birds in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2021. New Zealand Threat Classification Series 36. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 43 pp.
Hugh Robertson, John Dowding, Graeme Elliott, Rod Hitchmough, Colin Miskelly, Colin O’Donnell, Ralph Powlesland, Paul Sagar, Paul Scofield, Graeme Taylor. (2013). Conservation status of New Zealand birds, 2012. New Zealand Threat Classification Series 4. 22 pp.
Sayol, Ferran, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Blackburn, Tim M., Antonelli, Alexandre and Faurby, Søren. (2020). Anthropogenic extinctions conceal widespread evolution of flightlessness in birds. Science Advances 6(49): eabb6095. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095 [Supplementary Material (Data File S1)]
https://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/12452/megadyptes-waitaha-penguin