Lithophragma maximum Bacig. (1963:349)
San Clemente Island woodland(-)star
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Last (and only) record: 1936 (Bacigalupi, 1963 [sole record]; Ripley, 1975:45)
Rediscovered in 1979 (Humphreys et al., 2019)
Previously considered possibly Extinct ("poEX") (Ripley, 1975:45).
Distribution
San Clemente Island, Channel Islands, California, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Bacigalupi, R. (1963). A new species of Lithophragma from San Clemente Island, California. Aliso 5: 349-350.
Other references:
Ayensu, E. S. and Defilipps, R. A. (1978). Endangered and Threatened Plants of the United States: 1-403. Smithsonian Institution and WWF-US, Washington DC.
Bacigalupi, 1979
Beauchamp, 1987
Beauchamp, R. M. and Ferguson, H. L. (1980). Endangered plant species status report for Lithophragma maximum (Bacigalupi). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento Endangered Species Office, Sacramento, pp 1-2.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee. (2009). Flora of North America North of Mexico 8: 1-585. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Furches, M. S. et al. (2009). High genetic divergence characterizes populations of the endemic plant Lithophragma maximum (Saxifragaceae) on San Clemente Island. Conservation Genetics 10: 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9531-3
Hickman, J. C. (ed.). (1993). The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1400 pp.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Kellogg, E. M. and Kellogg, J. L. (1994). San Clemente Island vegetation condition and trend and the elements of ecological restoration. Tierra Data Systems, Reedley.
Mistretta, 1992
Philbrick, Ralph. (1980). Distribution and Evolution of Endemic Plants of the California Islands, pp. 173-187. In: Power, D. M. (ed.). California Islands proceedings. A multidisciplinary symposium. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 8 December 2024]
Ripley, S. Dillon. (1975). Report on endangered and threatened species of the United States. House Document 94-51: 1-200 [45].
Skinner, M. W. and Pavlik, B. M. (eds.). (1994). California Native Plant Society's Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of California. 5th edition. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento. 338 pp.
Smith, J. P. and Berg, K. (1988). California native plant society's inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of California. 4th edition. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento. 168 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (1997). Determination of endangered status for three plants from the Channel Islands of southern California. Federal Register 62(153): 42692-42702.
http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Lithophragma+maximum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithophragma_maximum