Acaena exigua A.Gray (1854:498)
Liliwai
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Acaena exigua var. glaberrima Bitter in Biblioth. Bot. 17(74): 43 (1910); Acaena exigua var. glabriuscula Bitter in Biblioth. Bot. 17(74): 44 (1910); Acaena exigua var. subtusstrigulosa Bitter in Biblioth. Bot. 17(74): 43 (1910)
Conservation Status
Missing (Wood et al., 2019) or Extinct (Gon et al., 2016a,b; Humphreys et al., 2019; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)
Last record: 1957 (NatureServe, 2024)
Rediscovered in the 1990's (NatureServe, 2024); 1997
Last record: 1990's (Gon et al., 2016b); 2000 (Wood et al., 2019; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Thought extinct in 1957, rediscovered in 1997, only known plant died in early 2000.
Distribution
Kauai & Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Fortini, L., Price, J., Jacobi, J., Vorsino, A., Burgett, J., Brinck, K., Amidon, F., Miller, S., Gon II, S., Koob, G. and Paxton, E. 2013. A landscape-based assessment of climate change vulnerability for all native Hawaiian plants. Technical report HCSU-044. Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hawaii.
Gon, S.M., Keir, M., Kwon, J., Weisenberger, L., Sporck-Koehler, M. and Chau, M. (2016b). Acaena exigua. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T44072A101442020. Downloaded on 16 November 2016.
Gon, S.M., Keir, M., Kwon, J., Weisenberger, L., Sporck-Koehler, M. and Chau, M. (2016b). Acaena exigua (errata version published in 2016). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T44072A101442020. Accessed on 09 September 2024.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Meidell, J. S., Oppenheimer, H. L. and Bartlett, R. T. (1998). New plant records from West Maui. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 56: 6-8.
NatureServe. (2024). NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: https://explorer.natureserve.org/ [Accessed 9 September 2024]
Oppenheimer, H., Perlman, S. and Romanchak, E. (2002). Acaena exigua Survey Report, USFWS Agreement No. 122001G017.
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 9 September 2024]
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Rare plant database. Unpublished.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (1997). Recovery Plan for the Maui Plant Cluster. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2009). Acaena exigua (Liliwai) 5-Year Review Summary and Evaluation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, Hawaii.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2012). Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; listing 38 species on Molokai, Lanai, and Maui as endangered and designating critical habitat on Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and Kahoolawe for 135 species; proposed rule. Federal Register 77(122): 34464-34775.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2014). Acaena exigua (liliwai) 5-year review short form summary. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Honolulu, Hawaii. Avaiulable from: https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/five_year_review/doc4384.pdf.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2016). Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; designation and nondesignation of critical habitat on Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and Kahoolawe for 135 species; final rule. Federal Register 81(61): 17789-18110.
Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.
Wagner, Warren L., Herbst, D. R. and Sohmer, S. H. (1990). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i. 2 vols. University of Hawai‘i Press & Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1853 pp.
Wagner, Warren L., Herbst, D. R. and Sohmer S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
Wood, Kenneth R. (2005). Summary Report of Research: Acaena exigua Botanical Survey, Pu‘u Kukui Summit, West Maui, Hawai‘i. 14 pp. Available from the National tropical Botanical Garden (NtBG).
Wood, Kenneth R. (2006). Summary of Vascular Plant Research, Wai‘ale‘ale Summit Bog Region, Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i, Botanical Report Prepared for the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife; the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; the Nature Conservancy of Hawai‘i (tNCH); and the Kaua‘i Watershed Alliance. 41 pp. Available from tNCH.
Wood, Kenneth R. (2012). Possible Extinctions, Rediscovereies, and New Plant Records within the Hawaiian Islands. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2011. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Lucius G. Eldredge. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 91-102.
Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.