Deparia kaalaana (Copel.) M.Kato (1984:400)
Serpent fern
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Athyrium kaalaanum Copel. in Philipp. J. Sci., C 9(5): 438 (1914); Diplazium kaalanum (Copel.) C.Chr. in Index Filic., Suppl. 2, 12 (1917)
Conservation Status
Possibly Extinct in the Wild (Wood et al., 2019:7) or Extinct in the Wild (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; PEPP, 2024)
Last record: November 1909 (Oppenheimer & Bustamente, 2014:103)
Rediscovered on 10 April 2013 (Oppenheimer & Bustamente, 2014:107)
Last wild record: 2016 (Wood et al., 2019:7; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
Distribution
Hawai'i, Kaua'i & Maui (eastern), Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Hassler, Michael. (2004-2023). World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 17.2; last update Oct. 18th, 2023. Available at: https://www.worldplants.de/ferns/https://www.worldplants.de/ferns/ [Accessed 21 October 2023]
Hillebrand, W. F. (1888). Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams. Facsimile ed., 1981. Lubrecht & Cramer, Monticello, NY. 673 pp.
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Kato, M. (1984). A Taxonomic Study of the Athyrioid Fern Genus Deparia with Main Reference to the Pacific Species. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 13(4): 375-430.
Oppenheimer, Hank L. and Bustamente, Keahi. (2014). Rediscovery, Ecology, and Habitat of Deparia kaalaana (Copel.) M.Kato (Athyriaceae). American Fern Journal 104(2): 103-107.
Palmer, Daniel Dooley. (2002). Hawaiʻi's Ferns and Fern Allies. University of Hawaii Press.
PEPP. (2024). Plant Extinction Prevention Program species list, January 2024. Available at: http://www.pepphi.org/pep-species-list.html [Accessed 10 February 2025]
POWO. (2023). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 21 October 2023]
Roskov Y. et al. (eds.) (2018). World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2014). Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions. Federal Register 79(234): 72450-72497.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2015). Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands. Federal Register 80(189): 58820-58909.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2016). Endangered Status for 49 Species From the Hawaiian Islands. Final rule. Federal Register 81(190): 67786-67860.
Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.
<< Back to the Polypodiidae (Leptosporangiate Ferns) database