Xenicus longipes stokesii Gray, 1862
North Island bush wren, Mātuhituhi (Māori)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
A complete synonymy taken from (Checklist Committee (OSNZ), 2022:201):
Xenicus stokesii G.R. Gray, 1862: Ibis 4: 219 – “Rima-Taka” = Rimutaka [Remutaka] Hills (fide Mathews & Iredale 1913, Ibis 1 (10th series): 434).; Xenicus Stokesii G.R. Gray; Anon. 1870, Cat. Colonial Mus.: 72.; Xenicus stokesi G.R. Gray; Buller 1906, Suppl. Birds N.Z. 2: 107. Unjustified emendation.; Xenicus longipes stokesii G.R. Gray; Mathews & Iredale 1913, Ibis 1 (10th series): 434.; Xenicus longipes stokesi G.R. Gray; Checklist Committee 1953, Checklist N.Z. Birds: 58. Unjustified emendation.
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: 1850 (specimen) (Oliver, 1955); 1910 or 1911 (unconfirmed sighting) (Miskelly, 2003) 13 June 1949 (unconfirmed sighting) (Edgar, 1949); 1955?
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Distribution
North Island, New Zealand (and Kapiti Island?)
An historical record of a bush wren from Kapiti Island off the coast of the North Island exists (Miskelly, 2003). As its known distribution makes it most probable that this individual (or individuals) belonged to Xenicus longipes stokesi I have included this note here. However, the possibility remains that there was a fourth subspecies of bush wren.
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Gray, G. R. (1862). A list of Birds of New Zealand and the adjacent islands. Ibis 4: 214-254.
Other references:
Anonymous. (1964). List of rare birds, including those thought to be so but of which detailed information is still lacking. IUCN Bulletin 10(Special Supplement): 4 pp.
BirdLife International. (2012). Xenicus longipes. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 30 May 2013.
BirdLife International. (2016). Xenicus longipes. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22698580A93690852. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22698580A93690852.en. Accessed on 02 July 2022.
Brooks, T. 2000. Extinct species. In: BirdLife International (ed.), Threatened Birds of the World, pp. 701-708. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona and Cambridge, U.K.
Checklist Committee (OSNZ). (2010). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica (4th ed.). Ornithological Society of New Zealand & Te Papa Press, Wellington. [p. 276]
Checklist Committee (OSNZ). (2022). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand (5th edition). Ornithological Society of New Zealand Occasional Publication No. 1. Wellington: Ornithological Society of New Zealand. [p. 201]
Collar, N. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Stattersfield, A. J. 1994. Birds to watch 2: the world list of threatened birds. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
Day, David. (1981). The Doomsday Book of Animals: A Natural History of Vanished Species. New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press.
Edgar, A. T. (1949). Winter notes on New Zealand birds. N. Z. Bird Notes 3(7): 170-174.
Fisher, C.T. 1981. Specimens of extinct, endangered or rare birds in the Merseyside County Museums, Liverpool. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 101: 276–285.
Greenway, J.C. 1967. Extinct and vanishing birds of the world. Dover Publications, New York.
Holdaway, Richard N., Worthy, Trevor H. and Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2001). A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 28: 119-187.
Holmes, Branden. (2021). What's Lost and What Remains: The Sixth Extinction in 100 Accounts (eBook). Self published.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Kinsky, F. C. (1970). Annotated checklist of the birds of New Zealand including the birds of the Ross Dependency. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed.
Knox, Alan G. and Walters, Michael P. (1994). Extinct and endangered birds in the collections of The Natural History Museum. British Ornithologists' Club Occasional Publications 1: 1-292. [p. 187]
Miskelly, Colin M. (2003). An historical record of bush wren (Xenicus longipes) on Kapiti Island. Notornis 50(2): 113-114.
Mitchell, K. J., Wood, J. R., Llamas, B., McLenachan, P. A., Kardailsky, O., Paul Scofield, R., Worthy, Trevor H. and Cooper, A. (2016). Ancient mitochondrial genomes clarify the evolutionary history of New Zealand’s enigmatic acanthisittid wrens. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 102: 295-304.
Oliver, W. R. B. (1955). New Zealand Birds, 2nd edition. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed.
Robertson, C. J. R. 1985. Complete book of New Zealand birds. Reader's Digest, Sydney.
Robertson, H. A., Baird, K. A., Elliott, G. P., Hitchmough, R. A., McArthur, N. J., Makan, T. D., Miskelly, Colin M., O’Donnell, C. F. J., Sagar, P. M., Scofield, R. P., Taylor, G. A. and Michel, P. (2021). Conservation status of birds in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2021. New Zealand Threat Classification Series 36. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 43 pp.
Hugh Robertson, John Dowding, Graeme Elliott, Rod Hitchmough, Colin Miskelly, Colin O’Donnell, Ralph Powlesland, Paul Sagar, Paul Scofield, Graeme Taylor. (2013). Conservation status of New Zealand birds, 2012. New Zealand Threat Classification Series 4. 22 pp.
Scott, Peter (ed.). (1965). Preliminary List of Rare Mammals and Birds, pp. 155-237. In: The Launching of a New Ark. First Report of the President and Trustees of the World Wildlife Fund. An International Foundation for saving the world's wildlife and wild places 1961-1964. London: Collins.
St Paul, R. 1977. A bushman’s seventeen years of noting birds. Part F [conclusion of series] – notes on other native birds. McKenzie, H.R. (Ed.). Notornis 24: 65–74.
Stidolph, R. H. D. (1926). Bird-life around Wellington, N.Z. Emu - Austral Ornithol. 25: 204-207.
Tennyson, Alan J. D. and Martinson, Paul. (2006). Extinct Birds of New Zealand. Wellington: Te Papa Press.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
Tyrberg, Tommy. (2009). Holocene avian extinctions, pp. 63-106. In: Turvey, Samuel T. (ed.). Holocene Extinctions. Oxford, UK & New York, USA: Oxford University Press. xii + 352 pp.
Williams, G. R. (1962). Extinction and the land and freshwater-inhabiting birds of New Zealand. Notornis 10(1): 15-32. [p. 19]
Williams, G. R.; Given, D. R. 1981. The Red Data Book of New Zealand. Nature Conservation Council, Wellington.
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