Turnagra capensis capensis Sparrman, 1787
South Island piopio, Piopio, New Zealand thrush, Piopio (Māori)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
A complete synonymy taken from (Checklist Committee (OSNZ), 2022:212):
Tanagra capensis Sparrman, 1787: Mus. Carlsonianum 2: no XLV, pl. 45 – “Cape of Good Hope”, error for Dusky or Queen Charlotte Sound (fide Oliver 1930, New Zealand Birds, 1st edition: 447).;
Turdus crassirostris Gmelin, 1789: Syst. Nat., 13th edition 1(2): 815. Based on the “Thick-billed Thrush” of Latham 1783, Gen.; Synop. Birds 2: 34, pl. 37 – Dusky Sound, Fiordland.; Campephaga ferruginea Vieillot, 1817: Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., nouv. éd. 10: 48 – New Zealand.; Tanagra macularia Quoy & Gaimard, 1830: in Dumont d’Urville, Voyage Astrolabe Zool. 1: 186, pl. 7, fig. 1 – Tasman Bay.; Keropia crassirostris (Gmelin); G.R. Gray 1840, List Gen. Birds (1st edition): 28.; Loxia Turdus J.R. Forster, 1844: in M.H.C. Lichtenstein, Descrip. Animalium: 85 – South Island.; Otagon turdus (J.R. Forster); Bonaparte 1851, Consp. Gen. Avium 1: 374.; Ceropia crassirostris (Gmelin); Sundevall 1857, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 2(3): 9.; Turnagra crassirostris (Gmelin); G.R. Gray 1862, Ibis 4: 225.; Turnagra turdus (J.R. Forster); G.R. Gray 1869, Hand-list Birds 1: 284.; Otagon crassirostris (Gmelin); Sundevall 1872, Methodi Naturalis Avium Tentamen: 19.; Turnagra capensis (Sparrman); Mathews & Iredale 1913, Ibis 1 (10th series): 445.; Turnagra capensis capensis (Sparrman); Checklist Committee 1953, Checklist N.Z. Birds: 68.
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: 1905 (Tennyson & Martinson, 2006; Tyrberg, 2009:103); 1947? (Tyrberg, 2009:103)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Unconfirmed reports:
Near Lake Hauroko, 1947 (Dunckley & Todd, 1949)
Nelson (north-west), 1948 (Moore, 1949)
Child (1965:53) believes he saw Turnagra capensis capensis on 24 May 1963.
Distribution
South Island, New Zealand
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=35]RMNH 110.040[/url]
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=35]RMNH 110.041[/url] (male)
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=35]RMNH 110.056[/url]
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=35]RMNH 110.057[/url] (adult, female)
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=35]RMNH 110.058[/url] (juvenile, female)
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=35]RMNH 110.059[/url] (adult, male)
Media
Above: South Island Piopio, Turnagra capensis, collected no data, New Zealand. Acquisition history unknown. CC BY 4.0. Te Papa (OR.027635)
Above: South Island Piopio, Turnagra capensis, collected no data, New Zealand. Acquisition history unknown. CC BY 4.0. Te Papa (OR.027635)
Above: South Island Piopio. Turnagra capensis. From the series: Extinct Birds of New Zealand., 2004, Masterton, by Paul Martinson. Purchased 2006. © Te Papa. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Te Papa (2006-0010-1/12)
References
Original scientific description:
Sparrman, A. (1787). [Turnagra capensis]. Mus. Carlsonianum 2: 45.
Other references:
Anmarkrud, Jarl Andreas and Lifjeld, Jan T. (In Press, 2016). Complete mitochondrial genomes of eleven extinct or possibly extinct bird species. Molecular Ecology Resources. DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12600 [Abstract]
Anonymous. (1964). List of rare birds, including those thought to be so but of which detailed information is still lacking. IUCN Bulletin 10(Special Supplement): 4 pp.
BirdLife International. (2012). Turnagra capensis. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 30 August 2013.
BirdLife International. 2016. Turnagra capensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22705595A94026176. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22705595A94026176.en. Downloaded on 27 June 2021.
Buller, W. L. (1888). A history of the birds of New Zealand, 2nd edition. London: Self published.
Buller, W.L. 1905–06. Supplement to the “Birds of New Zealand”. London: published by the author. Volume 1: xlix + 200 pp., 5 pls; Volume 2: iii + 178 pp., 7 pls.
Checklist Committee (OSNZ). (2010). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica (4th ed.). Ornithological Society of New Zealand & Te Papa Press, Wellington. [p. 286]
Checklist Committee (OSNZ). (2022). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand (5th edition). Ornithological Society of New Zealand Occasional Publication No. 1. Wellington: Ornithological Society of New Zealand. [p. 212]
Child, Peter. (1965). Is the South Island Piopio extinct? Notornis 12(1): 53.
Christidis, L.; Leeton, P. R.; Westerman, M. (1996). Were bowerbirds part of the New Zealand fauna. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93: 3898-3901.
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