Psittirostra psittacea Gmelin, 1789
'O'u, Ou
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Psittirostra olivacea Rothschild, 1900:193 (junior homonym); Psittirostra psittacea deppei Rothschild, 1905:45 [nomen novum for P. olivacea]
Conservation Status
Missing
Last record: 1987 (Hawai'i); 1989 (Kaua'i)
IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct)
Distribution
Hawai'i, Kaua'i, Lāna‘i, Maui & Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=3]RMNH 90244[/url] (male)
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=3]RMNH 90245[/url] (female)
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=3]RMNH 110.017[/url] (male)
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=3]RMNH 110.018[/url] (male)
Media
Vocal recordings and two photos: https://search.macaulaylibrary.org/catalog?taxonCode=ou&q=Ou%20-%20Psittirostra%20psittacea
References
Original scientific description:
Gmelin, J. F. (1789). Aves Anseres. Tome I. Pars II. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. 1(2): 501-1032.
Other references:
Anmarkrud, Jarl Andreas and Lifjeld, Jan T. (In Press, 2016). Complete mitochondrial genomes of eleven extinct or possibly extinct bird species. Molecular Ecology Resources. DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12600 [Abstract]
Banko, W. E. 1986. Avian history report 10, history of endemic Hawaiian birds, Part 1. Population histories--species accounts, forest birds: Maui Parrotbill, 'O'u, Palila, Greater Koa Finch, Lesser Koa Finch, and Grosbeak Finch. Cooperative National Park Research Studies Unit, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI.
BirdLife International. (2012). Psittirostra psittacea. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 29 August 2013.
Burney, David A. et al. (2001). Fossil evidence for a diverse biota from Kaua'i and its transformation since human arrival. Ecological Monographs 71(4): 615-641.
Butchart, Stuart H. M., Lowe, Stephen, Martin, Rob W., Symes, Andy, Westrip, James R. S. and Wheatley, Hannah. (2018a). Which bird species have gone extinct? A novel quantitative classification approach. Biological Conservation 227: 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.08.014
Butchart, Stuart H. M., Stattersfield, A. J. and Brooks, T. M. (2006). Going or gone: defining ‘Possibly Extinct’ species to give a truer picture of recent extinctions. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 126A: 7-24.
Butchart, Stuart H. M., Wheatley, Hannah, Lowe, Stephen, Westrip, James R. S., Symes, Andy and Martin, Rob W. (2018b). Data for: Which bird species have gone extinct? A novel quantitative classification approach. Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/vvjhpmyxb4.1
Conant, S, H.D. Pratt, and R.J. Shallenberger. 1998. Reflections on a 1975 expedition to the lost world of the Alaka'I and other notes on the natural history, systematics, and conservation of Kaua'I birds. Wilson Bulletin 110(1): 1-22.
Elphick, Chris S., Roberts, David L. and Reed, J. Michael. (2010). Estimated dates of recent extinctions for North American and Hawaiian birds. Biological Conservation 143: 617-624.
Fisher, Diana O. and Humphreys, Aelys M. (2024). Evidence for modern extinction in plants and animals. Biological Conservation 298: 110772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110772
Fuller, Errol. (2013). Lost Animals: Extinction and the Photographic Record. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
James, Helen F. (2004). The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 207-255, 17 figs.
Jouanin, Christian. (1962). Inventaire des oiseaux éteints ou en voie d’extinction conservés au Muséum de Paris. Terre et Vie 109: 275-301.
Knox, Alan G. and Walters, Michael P. (1994). Extinct and endangered birds in the collections of The Natural History Museum. British Ornithologists' Club Occasional Publications 1: 1-292. [pp. 250-252]
Martin, Thomas E., Bennett, Gareth C., Fairbairn, Andrew J. and Mooers, A. Ø. (2023). ‘Lost’ taxa and their conservation implications. Animal Conservation 26(1): 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12788 [Appendix S2 (1617 taxa not seen >10 years); Appendix S3 (562 taxa not seen >50 years)]
Pyle, R.L. 1989. Hawaiian Islands region. American Birds 43: 369-371.
Reynolds, M.H., and T.J. Snetsinger. 2001. The Hawai‘I Rare Bird Search 1994—1996. Studies in Avian Biology 22: 133-143.
Roberts, D. L. and Jarić, I. (2016). Inferring extinction in North American and Hawaiian birds in the presence of sighting uncertainty. PeerJ 4: e2426.
Rothschild, Lionel Walter. (1907). Extinct birds: an attempt to write in one volume a short account of those birds which have become extinct in historical times, that is within the last six or seven hundred years: to which are added a few which still exist, but are on the verge of extinction. London: Hutchinson & Co. XXIX + 243 pp. [p. 37, pl. 4]
Scott, J. M., F. L. Ramsey, M. Lammertink, K. V. Rosenberg, R. Rohrbaugh, J. A. Wiens, and J. M. Reed. (2008). When is an “extinct” species really extinct? Gauging the search efforts for Hawaiian forest birds and the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Avian Conservation and Ecology - Écologie et conservation des oiseaux 3(2): 3.
Scott, Peter (ed.). (1965). Preliminary List of Rare Mammals and Birds, pp. 155-237. In: The Launching of a New Ark. First Report of the President and Trustees of the World Wildlife Fund. An International Foundation for saving the world's wildlife and wild places 1961-1964. London: Collins.
Snetsinger, T. J.; Reynolds, M. H.; Herrmann, C. M. (1998). 'O'u (Psittirostra psittacea) and Lana'i Hookbill (Dysmorodrepanis munroi). In: Poole, A.; Gill, F. (ed.), The birds of North America, No. 335-336, pp. 1-20. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia.
Steinheimer, Frank D. (2002). Darwin, Rüppell, Landbeck & Co. - Important Historical Collections at The Natural History Museum, Tring. Bonner zoologische Beiträge 51(2-3): 175-188.
Suckling, Kieran, Slack, Rhiwena and Nowicki, Brian. (2004). Extinct and the Endangered Species Act. Centre For Biological Diversity. 63 pp.
USFWS. (2003). Draft Revised Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii.
http://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/8716/psittirostra-psittacea-ou