Paroreomyza flammea Wilson, 1890 "1889"
Kâkâwahie, Kākāwahie, Kakawahie, Molokai creeper, Molokai alauwahio
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Loxops flammea Wilson, 1890 "1889" (original combination); Loxops (Paroreomyza) maculata flammea Wilson, 1890 "1889"
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: 1963 (extinct in 1970 according to Day, 1981:102)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Distribution
Moloka'i, Hawaii, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=10]RMNH 110.003[/url] (male)
[url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/detail.php?lang=uk&id=10]RMNH 110.004[/url] (female)
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Wilson, Scott. (1890 "1889"). Descriptions of some new Species of Sandwich-Island Birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889: 445-447.
Other references:
Amadon, D. 1950. The Hawaiian Honeycreepers (Aves: Dendrepaniidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 95: 151-262.
Amante-Helweg, V.L.U. and Conant, S. 2009. Hawaiian culture and forest birds. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds: Implications for Island Avifauna, pp. 59-79. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Baker, P. E., and Baker, H. (2000). Kakawahie (Paroreomyza flammea) and O`ahu 'Alauahio (Paroreomyza maculata). No. 503. In: A. Poole and F. Gill (eds.), The Birds of North America. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 24 pp.
BirdLife International. (2012). Paroreomyza flammea. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 21 May 2013.
BirdLife International. 2017. Paroreomyza flammea (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22720823A119118273. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22720823A119118273.en. Accessed on 19 June 2022.
Brooks, T. 2000. Extinct species. In: BirdLife International (ed.), Threatened Birds of the World, pp. 701-708. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona and Cambridge, U.K.
Collar, N. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Stattersfield, A. J. 1994. Birds to watch 2: the world list of threatened birds. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
Day, David. (1981). The Doomsday Book of Animals: A Natural History of Vanished Species. New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press.
Elphick, Chris S., Roberts, David L. and Reed, J. Michael. (2010). Estimated dates of recent extinctions for North American and Hawaiian birds. Biological Conservation 143: 617-624.
Ghiraldi, Luca and Aimassi, Giorgio. (2019). Extinct and endangered (‘E&E’) birds in the ornithological collection of the Museum of Zoology of Torino University, Italy. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 139(1): 28-45.
Gorresen, P.M., Camp, R.J., Reynolds, M.H., Woodworth, B.L. and Pratt, T.K. 2009. Status and trends of native Hawaiian songbirds. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds: Implications for Island Avifauna, pp. 108-136. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Greenway James C. (1967). Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World. American Committee for International Wild Life Protection, Special Publication no 13, 2nd edn. Dover Publications, New York.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
James, Helen F. (2004). The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 207-255, 17 figs.
Jouanin, Christian. (1962). Inventaire des oiseaux éteints ou en voie d’extinction conservés au Muséum de Paris. Terre et Vie 109: 275-301.
Knox, Alan G. and Walters, Michael P. (1994). Extinct and endangered birds in the collections of The Natural History Museum. British Ornithologists' Club Occasional Publications 1: 1-292. [pp. 241-242]
Olson, S. L.; James, H. F. 1991. Descriptions of thirty-two new species of birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part 1. Non-passeriformes. Ornithological Monographs 45: 1-88.
Roberts, D. L. and Jarić, I. (2016). Inferring extinction in North American and Hawaiian birds in the presence of sighting uncertainty. PeerJ 4: e2426.
Sayol, Ferran, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Blackburn, Tim M., Antonelli, Alexandre and Faurby, Søren. (2020). Anthropogenic extinctions conceal widespread evolution of flightlessness in birds. Science Advances 6(49): eabb6095. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095 [Supplementary Material (Data File S1)]
Scott, J. M., F. L. Ramsey, M. Lammertink, K. V. Rosenberg, R. Rohrbaugh, J. A. Wiens, and J. M. Reed. (2008). When is an “extinct” species really extinct? Gauging the search efforts for Hawaiian forest birds and the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Avian Conservation and Ecology - Écologie et conservation des oiseaux 3(2): 3.
Stattersfield, A.J., Crosby, M.J., Long, A.J. and Wege, D.C. 1998. Endemic bird areas of the world: priorities for bird conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.
Tyrberg, Tommy. (2009). Holocene avian extinctions, pp. 63-106. In: Turvey, Samuel T. (ed.). Holocene Extinctions. Oxford, UK & New York, USA: Oxford University Press. xii + 352 pp.
https://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/8776/paroreomyza-flammea-wahie
https://themolokaidispatch.com/molokais-kakawahie-a-lost-species/