Loxops wolstenholmei Rothschild, 1893:56
O'ahu 'akepa
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Loxops coccineus wolstenholmei Rothschild, 1893; Loxops coccinea wolstenholmii Rothschild, 1893; Fringilla rufa Bloxam, 1827 (junior homonym); Drepanis rufa Bloxam, 1827 (junior homonym); Loxops coccineus rufa Bloxam, 1827 (junior homonym); Loxops coccineus rufus Bloxam, 1827 (junior homonym); Loxops rufus Bloxam, 1827 (junior homonym); Loxops coccinea rufa Bloxam, 1827 (junior homonym)
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: 1900 (Kittelberger et al., 2024);1930 (BirdLife International, 2016); 1976 (Suckling et al., 2004)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Distribution
O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Rothschild, W. (1893). [Descriptions of Hawaiian birds]. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 1(10): 56-59.
Other references:
BirdLife International. (2016). Loxops wolstenholmei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T103824105A104236586. Downloaded on 17 December 2016.
BirdLife International. 2017. Loxops wolstenholmei (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T103824105A117232993. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103824105A117232993.en. Accessed on 30 June 2022.
Day, David. (1981). The Doomsday Book of Animals: A Natural History of Vanished Species. New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press.
Ehrlich, Paul R., Dobkin, David S. and Wheye, Darryl. (1992). Birds in Jeopardy: The Imperiled and Extinct Birds of the United States and Canada, Including Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 259 pp.
Elphick, Chris S., Roberts, David L. and Reed, J. Michael. (2010). Estimated dates of recent extinctions for North American and Hawaiian birds. Biological Conservation 143: 617-624.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Hume, Julian Pender and Walters, Michael. (2012). Extinct birds. London: T & AD Poyser. 544 pp.
Jouanin, Christian. (1962). Inventaire des oiseaux éteints ou en voie d’extinction conservés au Muséum de Paris. Terre et Vie 109: 275-301.
Kittelberger, Kyle D., Tanner, Colby J., Buxton, Amy N., Prewett, Amira and Şekercioğlu, Çağan Hakkı. (2024). Correlates of avian extinction timing around the world since 1500 CE. Avian Research 15: 100213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100213 [Supplementary data (List of 216 taxa)]
Knox, Alan G. and Walters, Michael P. (1994). Extinct and endangered birds in the collections of The Natural History Museum. British Ornithologists' Club Occasional Publications 1: 1-292. [p. 244 as rufa]
Lepson, J. K. and Freed, L. A. (1997). 'Akepa (Loxops coccineus). In: Poole, A.; Gill, F. (ed.), The birds of North America, No. 294, pp. 1-24. The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists' Union, Philadelphia and Washington, DC.
Munro, G. C. (1944). Birds of Hawaii. Tongg Publishing Co., Honolulu.
Pratt, H. D. (2010). Family Drepanididae (Hawaiian honeycreepers), pp. 618-659. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D. A. (eds). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 15. Weavers to New World warblers. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
Roberts, D. L. and Jarić, I. (2016). Inferring extinction in North American and Hawaiian birds in the presence of sighting uncertainty. PeerJ 4: e2426.
Rothschild, W. (1895). Note on the Loxops of Oahu. Novitates Zoologicae 2: 54.
Sayol, Ferran, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Blackburn, Tim M., Antonelli, Alexandre and Faurby, Søren. (2020). Anthropogenic extinctions conceal widespread evolution of flightlessness in birds. Science Advances 6(49): eabb6095. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095 [Supplementary Material (Data File S1)]
Scott, J.M., S. Mountainspring, F.L. Ramsey and C.B. Kepler. 1986. Forest bird communities of the Hawaiian Islands: their dynamics, ecology and conservation. Studies in Avian Biology No. 9. Cooper Ornithological Soc. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas.
Shallenberger, R.J. and G.K. Vaughn. 1978. Avifaunal survey in the central Ko‘alau Range, Oahu. Ahuimanu Productions, Honolulu.
Suckling, Kieran, Slack, Rhiwena and Nowicki, Brian. (2004). Extinct and the Endangered Species Act. Centre For Biological Diversity. 63 pp.
https://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/8728/loxops-wolstenholmei-oahu-akepa
https://globally-threatened-bird-forums.birdlife.org/akepa-loxops-coccineus-is-being-split-list-l-ochraceus-as-critically-endangered-possibly-extinct-and-l-wolstenholmei-as-extinct/