Hemignathus vorpalis James & Olson, 2003:972
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Hemignathus vorpalus James & Olson, 2003:972 [orth. error used by (Tyrberg, 2009:99)]
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: c. 1,000 BC
Distribution & Habitat
Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Holotype: BPBM 179437 ("partial associated skeleton", list of bones provided in original description)
Type locality: "Petrel Cave, Hualalai Quadrangle, 155°51’W, 19°44’30’E (estimated to nearest half minute), island of Hawaii, 1,200 m above sea level."
Media
References
Original scientific description:
James, Helen F. and Olson, Storrs L. (2003). A giant new species of Nukupuu (Fringillidae: Drepanidini: Hemignathus) from the island of Hawaii. Auk 120(4): 970-981.
Other references:
Faurby, Søren, Matthews, Tom J., Triantis, Kostas A. and Sayol, Ferran. (2026). Quantifying the unrecorded loss of avian phylogenetic diversity. Ecography 2026: e08267. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08267
Gif5 n JG (2003) Pu’u Wa’awa’a Biological Assessment. Report, State of Hawaii, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife.
James, Helen F. (2004). The osteology and phylogeny of the Hawaiian finch radiation (Fringillidae: Drepanidini), including extinct taxa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 207-255, 17 figs.
Matthews, Thomas J., Triantis, Kostas A., Wayman, Joseph P., Martin, Thomas E., Hume, Julian P., Cardoso, Pedro, Faurby, Søren, Mendenhall, Chase D., Dufour, Paul, Rigal, François, Cooke, Rob, Whittaker, Robert J., Pigot, Alex L., Thébaud, Christophe, Jørgensen, Maria Wagner, Benavides, Eva, Soares, Filipa C., Ulrich, Werner, Kubota, Yasuhiro, Sadler, Jon P., Tobias, Joseph A. and Sayol, Ferran. (2024). The global loss of avian functional and phylogenetic diversity from anthropogenic extinctions. Science 386(6717): 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk7898 [Supplementary Materials; Dryad dataset; Zenodo codeset]
Matthews, Thomas J., Wayman, Joseph P., Cardoso, Pedro, Sayol, Ferran, Hume, Julian P., Ulrich, Werner, Tobias, Joseph A., Soares, Filipa C., Thébaud, Christophe, Martin, Thomas E. and Triantis, Kostas A. (2022). Threatened and extinct island endemic birds of the world: Distribution, threats and functional diversity. Journal of Biogeography 49(11): 1920-1940. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14474 [Appendix S1 (.docx); Appendix S2 (.pdf)]
Sayol, Ferran, Steinbauer, Manuel J., Blackburn, Tim M., Antonelli, Alexandre and Faurby, Søren. (2020). Anthropogenic extinctions conceal widespread evolution of flightlessness in birds. Science Advances 6(49): eabb6095. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6095 [Supplementary Material (Data File S1)]
Tyrberg, Tommy. (2009). Holocene avian extinctions, pp. 63-106. In: Turvey, Samuel T. (ed.). Holocene Extinctions. Oxford, UK & New York, USA: Oxford University Press. xii + 352 pp.