Kokia cookei O.Deg. (1934:[s.p.])
Cooke's kokio, Molokai Koki`o, Moloka'i treecotton, Hau Hele`ula, Koki`o
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Possibly Extinct in the Wild (Wood et al., 2019:9) or Extinct in the Wild (Stone, 1967:236; WCMC, 1998; POWO, 2024)
Last wild record: 1900 (Wood et al., 2019:9); 1918 (WCMC, 1998); early 1900's (NatureServe, 2024)
[Last captive record: 1920's (WCMC, 1998) / Rediscovered in: 1970 (cultivated specimen) (WCMC, 1998)]
IUCN RedList status: Extinct in the Wild
According to WCMC (1998) the taxon disappeared even from cultivation during the 1920's before being rediscovered in cultivation in 1970. But Stone (1967:236) stated that it existed in cultivation three years prior to its alleged rediscovery:
"Alive only in cultivation. Degener stated that in 1933 there were about 30 trees of Kokia cookei, all derived from one parent tree, in George Cooke's garden in Molokai. Others were planted in the Waianae Mountains of Oahu at Waahila, and in the Koolau mountains near Manoa-Palolo ridge; whether these survive is unknown."
Distribution
Mahana, Molokai (western), Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Bates, D. M. (1990). Malvaceae, pp. 868-903. In: Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai`i. Special Publ. Bishop Mus., Honolulu 83: 1-1853.
Dalrymple, S. E., Abeli, T., Ewen, J. G., Gilbert, T. C., Hogg, C. J., Lloyd, N. A., Moehrenschlager, A., Rodríguez, J. P. and Smith, D. (2023). Addressing Threats and Ecosystem Intactness to Enable Action for Extinct in the Wild Species. Diversity 15: 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020268
Hillebrand, W. F. (1888). Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams. Facsimile ed., 1981. Lubrecht & Cramer, Monticello, NY. 673 pp.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Morden, Clifford W. and Yorkston, Mitsuko. (2018). Speciation and Biogeography in the Hawaiian Endemic Genus Kokia (Malvaceae: Gossypieae). Pacific Science 72(2): 209-222. [Abstract]
NatureServe. (2024). NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: https://explorer.natureserve.org/ [Accessed 1 September 2024]
Oldfield, Sara, Lusty, Charlotte and MacKinven, Amy (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Press. 650 pp.
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 1 September 2024]
Rock, J. F. (1913). The indigenous trees of the Hawaiian Islands. Publ. privately, Honolulu. 512 pp. (Rep., with introduction by S. Carlquist and addendum by D.R. Herbst, 1974, Charles E. Tuttle Co., Rutland, VT. 548 pp.).
Rock, J. F. (1919). The Hawaiian genus Kokia. A relative of the cotton. Hawaii, Board Agric. Forest. Bot. Bull. 6: 1-22.
Smith, Donal et al. (2023). Extinct in the wild: The precarious state of Earth’s most threatened group of species. Science 379(6634): eadd2889. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add2889
Stone, Benjamin C. (1967). A review of the endemic genera of Hawaiian plants. Botanical Review (Lancaster) 33(3): 216-259. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4353741
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (1997). Draft recovery plan for Kokia cookei. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). (2016). Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; designation and nondesignation of critical habitat on Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and Kahoolawe for 135 species; final rule. Federal Register 81(61): 17789-18110.
Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
Werden, Leland K. et al. (2020). Ex situ conservation of threatened plant species in island biodiversity hotspots: A case study from Hawai‘i. Biological Conservation 243: 108435. [Abstract]
Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre. (1998). Kokia cookei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T30932A9593744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30932A9593744.en. Downloaded on 06 May 2017.
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