Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis Rock (1911:14)
Hualalai hau kuahiwi
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Possibly Extinct in the Wild (Wood et al., 2019:9) or Extinct in the Wild (Humphreys et al., 2019; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)
Last wild record: 1991 (Wood et al., 2019:9); 1992 (WCMC, 1998; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered
Distribution
Pu’u Wa’awa’a, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Radlkofer, L. and Rock, J. F. (1911). New and noteworthy Hawaiian plants. Hawaii, Board Agric. Forest Bot. Bull. 1: 1-15.
Other references:
Bates, D. M. (1990). Malvaceae, pp. 868-903. In: Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai`i. Special Publ. Bishop Mus., Honolulu 83: 1-1853.
Champion, Solomon J. (2020). Biogeography and phylogenetics of the Hawaiian endemic Hibiscadelphus, hau kuahiwi (Malvaceae). MSc thesis, University of Hawai'i.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Evenhuis, N. L. and Eldredge, L. G. (eds.). (2012). Records of the Hawaii biological survey for 2011. Part II: plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 1-102.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
NatureServe. (2024). NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: https://explorer.natureserve.org/ [Accessed 1 September 2024]
Oldfield, Sara, Lusty, Charlotte and MacKinven, Amy (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. Cambridge, U.K.: World Conservation Press. 650 pp.
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 3 June 2024]
Rock, J. F. (1913). The indigenous trees of the Hawaiian Islands. Publ. privately, Honolulu. 512 pp. (Rep., with introduction by S. Carlquist and addendum by D.R. Herbst, 1974, Charles E. Tuttle Co., Rutland, VT. 548 pp.).
Stone, Benjamin C. (1967). A review of the endemic genera of Hawaiian plants. Botanical Review (Lancaster) 33(3): 216-259. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4353741
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1996. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of endangered status for thirteen plants from the islands of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. U.S. Federal Register 61(198): 53137-53153.
Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.
WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1998). Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T30787A9573107. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30787A9573107.en. Downloaded on 30 April 2017.
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