Isoetes dixitii Shende (1945:50)

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Isoetes dixitei Shende (1945); Isoetes bilaspurensis Panigrahi in Biol. Mem. 6: 135 (1981)

Treated as a synonym of Isoetes coromandelina by (Chandra et al., 2008:177; Kumar, 2011). But more recently treated as a valid species (Patil & Rajput, 2021; Singh et al., 2021; POWO, 2023).

Conservation Status

Rediscovered? (see below)

This species was twice listed as extinct in the mid-1990's (Khoshoo, 1996:509; Walter & Gillett, 1998:1 [reproduced by Rao et al., 2003:1]). In the former case it was said to have been last recorded in 1868, but this is wrong as it has been recorded multiple times since 1945 (Srivastava, 1997), which was later granted by (Khoshoo, 1997). It was also listed as extinct in the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants based upon a data form filled in by R. D. Dixit more than a decade earlier in 1986 (Walter & Gillett, 1998:1,780). According to extensive collection records for this species (viz. Singh et al., 2021:20-22), it was last collected in 1970 separately by R. D. Dixit and Gopi Nath Pandy, with the former collecting it at the type locality. A gap in records then exists until it was collected from multiple localities (including the type locality) in 1987 (Singh et al., 2021:2).

A potential scenario involves R. D. Dixit failing to collect the species again from the type locality after 1970, thus resulting in the 1986 data form potentially stating or recommending it as extinct, which was unfortunately the only source used in the 1997/98 assessment of the species despite further collections in the years since 1987, including at least one published record (Srivastava et al., 1992).

Distribution

Karanataka & Maharashtra, Western Ghats, India

Type locality: Panchgani tableland, Satara, Maharashtra (Singh et al., 2021:22)

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Shende, D. V. (1945). A new species of Isoetes (Isoetaceae) from the Bombay Presidency. Journal of University Bombay B 14: 50-52.

Other references:

Chandra, Subhash, Fraser-Jenkins, C. R., Kumari, Alka and Srivastava, Archana. (2008). A Summary of the Status of Threatened Pteridophytes of India. Taiwania 53(2): 170-209.

Fraser-Jenkins, Christopher Roy. (2012). Rare and Threatened Pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered Species of India — the Higher IUCN Categories. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B. 38(4): 153-181.

Fraser-Jenkins, Christopher Roy. et al. (2017). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 1: 1-562. Dehra Dun: BSMPS.

Hassler, Michael. (2004-2023). World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 17.2; last update Oct. 18th, 2023. Available at: https://www.worldplants.de/ferns/ [Accessed 21 October 2023]

Hoot, S. B., Taylor, W. C. and Napier, N. S. (2006). Phylogeny and biogeography of Isoetes (Isoetaceae) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data. Systematic Botany 31: 449-460.

Jung, Jongduk, Singh, Sarvesh Kumar, Pande, Harish Chandra, Srivastava, Gopal Krishna and Choi, Hong-Keun. (2014). Genetic diversity and population structure of Indian Isoëtes dixitei Shende based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms and intron sequences of LEAFY. Aquat Bot. 113:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.10.009

Khoshoo, T. N. (1996). India needs a National Biodiversity Conservation Board. Current Science 71(7): 506-513.

Khoshoo, T. N. (1997). Extinct species (reply). Current Science 72(7): 430.

Kumar, B. (2011). Isoetes coromandelina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T168987A6558635. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T168987A6558635.en. Downloaded on 18 November 2016.

Marsden, C. R. (1979). Morphology and taxonomy of Isoetes in Australasia, India, North-East and South-East Asia, China and Japan. PhD Thesis. Department of Botany, University of Adelaide, Australia.

Patil, Sachin M. and Rajput, Kishore Shankarsinh. (2017). The genus Isoetes from India: An overview. Plant Science Today 4(4): 213-226. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2017.4.4.339

Patil, Sachin M. and Rajput, Kishore. (2021). Lectotypification of Isoetes dixitii Shende (Isotaceae) endemic to India. Phytotaxa 528(1): 65-66. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.528.1.8

POWO. (2023). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 21 October 2023]

Rao, C. Kameswara, Geetha, B. L. and Suresh, Geetha. (2003). Red List of Threatened Vascular Plant Species in India: Compiled from the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. ENVIS Centre on Floral Diversity, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. xxiv + 144 pp. [automatic download]

Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Shukla, Pradeep Kumar, Srivastava, Gopal Krishna and Shukla, Santosh Kumar. (2002). The quillworts (Isoetes) of India: distribution, endemism and species radiation. Biodiversity & Conservation 11: 959-973. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015868228530

Singh, Sarvesh Kumar, Shukla, Pradeep Kumar, Brunton, Daniel F., Dubey, Nawal Kishore and Shukla, Santosh Kumar. (2021). The taxonomy and conservation status of Isoetes (Isoetaceae; Lycopodiopsida) in India. Botany Letters 168(2): 200-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2020.1848621

Srivastava, Gopal Krishna. (1997). Extinct species. Current Science 72(7): 430.

Srivastava, Gopal Krishna, Shukla, Pradeep and Srivastava, Manju. (1992). The Spores of Isoëtes dixitei Shende. American Fern Journal 82(4): 162-170. https://doi.org/10.2307/1547529

Troìa, Angelo, Pereira, Jovani B .S., Kim, Changkyun and Taylor, W. Carl. (2016). The genus Isoetes (Isoetaceae): a provisional checklist of the accepted and unresolved taxa. Phytotaxa 277(2): 101-145. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.277.2.1

Wagai, S. O., Srivastava, G. K., Shukla, P. K. and Shukla, S. K. (2008). Megaspores of Isoetes dixitei Shende: population diversity and its evolution. In S C Verma, S P Khullar, H K Cheema, editors. Perspective in pteridophytes. Dehradun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication; p. 171-181.

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp. [listed as Extinct]

Yadav, B. B., Singh, S. K., Dubey, N. K., Shukla, S. K. and Srivastava, G. K. (2015). Hydrochemical characterization of some strands of Isoetes dixitei in India. Taiwania. 60(2): 63-70. doi:10.6165/tai.2015.60.63

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