Entosphenus minimus (Bond & Kan, 1973:569)
Miller Lake lamprey
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Lampetra minima Bond & Kan, 1973:569
Conservation Status
Globally Rediscovered
Last record: 1952; 1953 (WCMC, 1992:210)
Rediscovered in: 1992 (Lorion et al., 2000)
IUCN RedList status: Vulnerable
Distribution & Habitat
"USA: Endemic to the upper Klamath River Basin (Miller, Evening, Jack, and Long creeks, and upper reaches of the Williamson and Sycan rivers), Oregon. Formerly in Miller Lake" (Renaud, 2011:34)
Type locality: "Miller Lake, Oregon, USA" (Renaud, 2011:33)
Biology & Ecology
Freshwater; demersal; potamodromous (Froese & Pauly, 2026). "Life span approximately 36 months; about 30 months as an ammocoete and 6 months as an adult. Metamorphosis occurs in the fall" (Renaud, 2011:33).
Hypodigm
Holotype: USNM 353919 [ex OSU 3180] (Renaud, 2011:33)
Paratypes: CAS 28706 (5), OSU 2875 (34), UMMZ 194169 (5), USNM 210967 (5) (Fricke et al., 2026)
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Bond, C. E. and Kan, T. T. (1973). Lampetra (Entosphenus) minima n. sp., a dwarfed parasitic lamprey from Oregon. Copeia 1973(3): 568-574.
Other references:
Clemens, Benjamin J. (2017). Progress report: Miller Lake Lamprey. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 6 pp.
Clemens, Benjamin J. (2018). Progress report: Miller Lake Lamprey. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 7 pp.
Clemens, Benjamin J. et al. (2020). 2019 Progress Report: Miller Lake Lamprey. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 10 pp.
Clemens, Benjamin J. and Wang, Christina J. (2021). Dispelling misperceptions of native lampreys (Entosphenus and Lampetra spp.) in the Pacific northwest (USA). Conservation Science and Practice 2021: e402.
Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante, (2022). The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49(6): 1193-1203. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14367 [Supporting Information]
Fricke, Ron, Eschmeyer, William N. and Van der Laan, Richard (eds.). (2026). Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version of 7 July 2026. Available at: https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [Accessed 26 July 2026]
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel (eds.). (2026). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. Version 02/2026. Available at: https://www.fishbase.org [Accessed 26 July 2026]
Gill, H. S., Renaud, C. B., Chapleau, F., Mayden, R. L. and Potter, I. C. (2003). Phylogeny of living parasitic lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) based on morphological data. Copeia 2003(4): 687-703. https://doi.org/10.1643/IA02-085.1
Hilton-Taylor, C. (Red List Programme Office). (2004). Entosphenus minimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004: e.T11209A3262249. Accessed on 26 July 2026.
Holmes, Branden. (2021). What's Lost and What Remains: The Sixth Extinction in 100 Accounts (eBook). Self published.
Hugg, D. O. (1996). MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA.
Kan, T. T. and Bond, C. E. (1981). Notes on the biology of the Miller Lake lamprey Lampetra (Entosphenus) minima. Northwest Science 55: 70-74.
Khidir, K. T. and Renaud, C. B. (2003). Oral fimbriae and papillae in parasitic lampreys (Petromyzontiformes). Environ. Biol. Fish. 66(3): 271-278.
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Lorion, C. M., Markle, D. F., Reid, S. B., Docker, M. F. and Schaefer, S. A. (2000). Redescription of the presumed-extinct Miller Lake lamprey, Lampetra minima. Copeia 2000(4): 1019-1028.
Miller, Robert Rush, Williams, James D. and Williams, Jack E. (1989). Extinctions of North American fishes during the past century. Fisheries 14(6): 22-38.
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Page, L. M. and Burr, B. M. (1991). A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 432 pp.
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