Madeirovitrina crassa (Groh & Hemmen, 1986:193-194)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Phenacolimax crassus Groh & Hemmen, 1986; Plutonia crassa (Groh & Hemmen, 1986)
Conservation Status
Missing (Cameron et al., 2021:60) or Extinct (Fernández-Palacios et al., 2025)
Last record: 900-1000 BP (Fernández-Palacios et al., 2025)
"Described as an endemic fossil from the Quaternary beds of the Ponta de São Lourenço and possibly still alive in a tiny region in the northeast of Madeira, it is for the first time recorded fossil from Deserta Grande (Teixeira et al., in prep.)."
(Cameron et al., 2021:60)
Distribution & Habitat
Deserta Grande, Desertas Islands & Madeira, both Madeiran Archipelago
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Groh, Klaus and Hemmen, J. (1986). Zur Kenntnis der Vitrinidendes Madeira Archipels (Pulmonata: Vitrinidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 116: 1-39.
Other references:
Borges, P. A. V. et al. (eds.). (2008). Listagem dos fungos, flora e fauna terrestres dos arquipélagos da Madeira e Selvagens. Governo da Madeira, Funchal.
Cameron, Robert A. D., Teixeira, Dinarte, Pokryszko, Beata, Silva, Isamberto and Groh, Klaus. (2021). An annotated checklist of the extant and Quaternary land molluscs of the Desertas Islands, Madeiran Archipelago. Journal of Conchology 44(1): 53-70.
Fernández-Palacios, José María, Fructuoso, Melania, Illera, Juan Carlos, Rando, Juan Carlos, de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, Enrique, Patiño, Jairo, Otto, Rüdiger, Castilla-Beltrán, Álvaro, González, Esther Martín, Orihuela-Rivero, Raúl, Alcover, Josep Antoni, Whittaker, Robert J. (2025). A synthesis of terrestrial species extinctions in the Macaronesian Islands and their correspondence with human occupancy. PNAS Nexus 4(8): pgaf215. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf215 [Supplementary data (.docx)]
Goodfriend, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. D. and Cook, L. M. (1994). Fossil evidence of recent human impact on the land snail fauna of Madeira. J Biogeogr. 21: 309320.
Margry, C. J. P. J. (2016). Insulivitrina ingridae spec. nov., a fossil vitrinid from the Canary Island of La Gomera (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Basteria 80(1-3): 127-131.
MolluscaBase eds. (2026). MolluscaBase. Madeirovitrina crassa (Groh & Hemmen, 1986) †. Accessed at: https://molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1447004 on 2026-02-19