Actinella descendens (Wollaston, 1878:147)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Ochthephila (Callina) crassiuscula Cockerell, 1922
Conservation Status
Extinct (Waldén, 1983; Fernández-Palacios et al., 2025; MolluscaBase eds., 2025)
Distribution & Habitat
Bugio, Deserta Grande & Madeira, Madeiran Archipelago, Macaronesia
Anatomy & Morphology
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Wollaston, T. V. (1878). Testacea Atlantica or the land and freshwater shells of the Azores, Madeiras, Salvages, Canaries, Cape Verdes, and Saint Helena. i-xi, [1], 1-588, 1-16. London. (Reeve).
Other references:
Bank, R. A., Groh, K. and Ripken. T. E. J. (2002). Catalogue and bibliography of the non-marine Mollusca of Macaronesia, pp. 89-235, 13 pp. explanations to 13 pls in: Falkner, M., Groh, K., & Speight, M.C.D (Eds) Collectanea Malacologica, Festschrift für Gerhard Falkner. Hackenheim & München: ConchBooks & Verlag der Friedrich-Held-Gesellschaft.
Fernández-Palacios, José María, Fructuoso, Melania, Illera, Juan Carlos, Rando, Juan Carlos, de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, Enrique, Patiño, Jairo, Otto, Rüdiger, Castilla-Beltrán, Álvaro, González, Esther Martín, Orihuela-Rivero, Raúl, Alcover, Josep Antoni, Whittaker, Robert J. (2025). A synthesis of terrestrial species extinctions in the Macaronesian Islands and their correspondence with human occupancy. PNAS Nexus 4(8): pgaf215. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf215 [Supplementary data (.docx)]
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Actinella descendens (Wollaston, 1878) †. Accessed at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1050985 on 2025-09-11
Teixeira, Dinarte, Pokryszko, B. M., Cameron, Robert A. D., Silva, Isamberto and Groh, Klaus. (2019). Taxonomic revision of the late-Pleistocene/Holocene land-mollusc fauna (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata) of the Desertas Islands, Madeiran Archipelago, with the description of 6 new species and 2 new subspecies. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 148(2): 137-159. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/148/137-159
Waldén, Henrik W. (1983). Systematic and biogeographical studies of the terrestrial Gastropoda of Madeira. With an annotated Check-list. Annales Zoologica Fennica 20: 255-275.