Actinella arridens (R.T. Lowe, 1831)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Helix arridens R.T. Lowe, 1831
Conservation Status
Missing (Teixeira & Seddon, 2025)
Last record: 2008 or before (Teixeira & Seddon, 2025)
IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct)
Distribution & Habitat
Madeira, Madeiran Archipelago, Macaronesia
Anatomy & Morphology
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Lowe, R. T. (1831). Primitiae faunae et florae Maderae et Portus Sancti; sive species quaedam novae vel hactenus minus rite cognitae animalium et plantarum in his insulis degentium breviter descriptae. Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 4(1): 1-70, pl. 1-6.
Other references:
MolluscaBase eds. (2026). MolluscaBase. Actinella arridens (R. T. Lowe, 1831). Accessed at: https://molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1049882 on 2026-07-13
Seddon, M. B. (2008). An illustrated compendium of the landsnails and slugs of the Madeiran archipelago. Studies in Biodiversity and Systematics of Terrestrial Organisms from the National Museum of Wales. BIOTIR Reports 2. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff.
Teixeira, D. and Seddon, M. B. (2025). Actinella arridens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T156791A220190298. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T156791A220190298.en. Accessed on 08 August 2026.
Wollaston, T. V. (1878). Testacea Atlantica or the land and freshwater shells of Azores, Madeiras, Salvages, Canaries, Cape Verdes, and Saint Helena. London: L. Reeve & Company.