Actinella arcinella (Lowe, 1855)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Helix (Rimula) arcinella R. T. Lowe, 1855
Conservation Status
Extinct (Goodfriend et al., 1994; Fernández-Palacios et al., 2025; MolluscaBase eds., 2025)
Last record: early 20th century or earlier (Goodfriend et al., 1994:317); early 20th century (Fernández-Palacios et al., 2025)
Distribution & Habitat
Desertas & Madeira, Madeiran Archipelago, Macaronesia
Anatomy & Morphology
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Lowe, R. T. (1855). Catalogus molluscorum pneumonatorum insularum Maderensium: or a list of all the land and freshwater shells, recent and fossil, of the Madeiran islands: arranged in groups according to their natural affinities; with diagnoses of the groups, and of the new or hitherto imperfectly defined species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 22 ["1854"]: 161-208. [16 March 1855]
Other references:
Fernández-Palacios, José María, Fructuoso, Melania, Illera, Juan Carlos, Rando, Juan Carlos, de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, Enrique, Patiño, Jairo, Otto, Rüdiger, Castilla-Beltrán, Álvaro, González, Esther Martín, Orihuela-Rivero, Raúl, Alcover, Josep Antoni, Whittaker, Robert J. (2025). A synthesis of terrestrial species extinctions in the Macaronesian Islands and their correspondence with human occupancy. PNAS Nexus 4(8): pgaf215. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf215 [Supplementary data (.docx)]
Goodfriend, Glenn A., Cameron, R. A. D. and Cook, L. M. (1994). Fossil evidence of recent human impact on the land snail fauna of Madeira. Journal of Biogeography 21(3): 309320. https://doi.org/10.2307/2845532
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Actinella arcinella (R. T. Lowe, 1855) †. Accessed at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1447048 on 2025-09-11
Seddon, M. B. (2008). The landsnails of Madeira. The illustrated compendium of the landsnails and slugs of the Madeiran archipelago. Biotir Reports [Studies in biodiversity and systematics of terrestrial organisms], 2: i-viii, 1-196. Cardiff.