Gambusia georgei Hubbs & Peden, 1969
San Marcos gambusia
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Extinct (Burkhead, 2012)
Last record: 1983 (Miller et al. 1989:33)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Apparently a captive population existed, which also became extinct during the 1980's (that is, within the same decade as the wild population is believed to have gone extinct).
Distribution
San Marcos Springs, Texas, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
For a photograph of this species see: http://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/17562/extinct-animals-which-photographed-alive [ProBoards account needed to view]
References
Original scientific description:
Hubbs, Clark and Peden, A. E. (1969). Gambusia georgei sp. nov. from San Marcos, Texas. Copeia 1969: 357-364.
Other references:
Burkhead, Noel M. (2012). Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes, 1900–2010. BioScience 62(9): 798-808.
Campbell, L. 1995. Endangered and Threatened Animals of Texas: Their Life History and Management. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Endangered Resources Branch, Austin, Texas.
Jelks, Howard L., Walsh, Stephen J., Burkhead, Noel M., Contreras-Balderas, Salvador, Díaz-Pardo, Edmundo, Hendrickson, Dean A., Lyons, J., Mandrak, Nicholas E., McCormick, Frank, Nelson, Joseph F., Platania, Steven P., Porter, Brady A., Renaud, Claude B., Schmitter-Soto, Juan Jacabo, Taylor, Eric B. and Warren, Melvin L. Jr. (2008). Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8): 372-407.
Johnson, J. E. and Hubbs, Clark. (1989). Status and conservation of poeciliid fishes, pp. 301-317. In: Meffe, G. and Snelson, F. (eds.). Ecology and Evolution of Livebearing Fishes (Poeciliidae). New York: Prentice Hall.
Lee, D.S., Gilbert, C.R., Hocutt, C.H., Jenkins, R.E., McAllister, D.E. and Stauffer, J.R., Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Matthews, J.R. and Moseley, C.J. (eds). 1990. The Official World Wildlife Fund Guide to Endangered Species of North America. Volume 1. Plants, Mammals. xxiii + pp 1-560 + 33 pp. appendix + 6 pp. glossary + 16 pp. index, pp. 1180. Beacham Publications, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Meffe, G.K. and Snelson, F.F., Jr. (eds). 1989. Ecology and evolution of livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae). pp. 453. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Miller, R. R., Williams, J. D. and Williams, J. E. (1989). Extinctions of North American fishes during the past century. Fisheries 14(6): 22-38.
Minckley, W.L., Meffe, G.K. and Soltz, D.L. 1991. Conservation and management of short-lived fishes: the cyprinodontoids. In: W.L. Minckley and J.E. Deacon (eds), Battle Against Extinction: Native Fish Management in the American West, pp. 247-282. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.
NatureServe. 2013. Gambusia georgei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T8891A18233501. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T8891A18233501.en. Accessed on 18 June 2022.
Nelson, J.S., Crossman, E.J., Espinosa-Perez, H., Findley, L.T., Gilbert, C.R., Lea, R.N. and Williams, J.D. 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
Ono, R. Dana, Williams, James D. and Wagner, Anne [with painting by Aleta Pahel]. (1983). Vanishing Fishes of North America. Washington DC: Stone Wall Press, Inc. 257 pp.
Page, L.M. and Burr, B.M. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.
Page, L.M. and Burr, B.M. 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, Massachusetts.
Rauchenberger, M. 1989. Systematics and biogeography of the genus Gambusia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poecilidae). American Museum Novitates 2951: 1-74.
Robins, C.R., Bailey, R.M., Bond, C.E., Brooker, J.R., Lachner, E.A., Lea, R.N. and Scott, W.B. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society.
San Marcos Recovery Team. 1985. San Marcos recovery plan for San Marcos River endangered and threatened species (San Marcos gambusia, fountain darter, San Marcos salamander, andTexas wildrice. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Suckling, Kieran, Slack, Rhiwena and Nowicki, Brian. (2004). Extinct and the Endangered Species Act. Centre For Biological Diversity. 63 pp.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1990. Endangered and threatened species recovery program: report to Congress.
USFWS. 1996. San Marcos and Comal Springs and Associated Aquatic Ecosystems (Revised) Recovery Plan. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM.
Williams, J.E, Johnson, J.E., Hendrickson, D.A., Contreras-Balderas, S., Williams, J.D., Navarro-Mendoza, M., McAllister, D.E. and Deacon, J.E. 1989. Fishes of North America endangered, threatened or of special concern: 1989. Fisheries 14(6): 2-20.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre. (1996). Gambusia georgei. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 31 May 2013.