Streblorrhiza speciosa Endl. (1833:93)
Phillip Island glory pea
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Clianthus pictus Endl. in Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 185 (1836), nom. superfl.; Clianthus speciosus (Endl.) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 381 (1840); Clianthus carneus Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 27(Misc.): 2 (1841), nom. superfl.; Clianthus baueri A.Cunn. ex Maiden in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 28: 703 (1903 publ. 1904), not validly publ.
Conservation Status
Extinct (Laing, 1914:28 [as "almost certainly extinct"]; Lucas & Synge, 1978:293; Wilson, 1994:186,187; Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88; Humphreys et al., 2019; Silcock et al., 2019, 2020:7, 2021:7 [each as "almost certainly extinct in the wild"]; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022; POWO, 2023; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
Last record (disputed): 1830 (wild) (Wilson, 1994:187; Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6, 2020:7, 2021:7); c.1844 (in cultivation [Britain]) (Wilson, 1994:187); 1860 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
This species has been identified as one of the 50 best candidates for de-extinction, ranking 3/50 (Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022). Given that it was cultivated in Europe, where it apparently survived longer than in its native habitat, there is the possibility "of some plants still in cultivation in Europe, but searches unsuccessful" (Silcock et al., 2020:7, 2021:7; cf. Silcock et al., 2019:SM:6).
Distribution
Philip Island, near Norfolk Island, Australia
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Endlicher, Stephan F. L. (1833). Prodromus Florae Norfolkicae. Vienna: F. Beck. 100 pp. [pp. 92-94]
Other references:
Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]
Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Coyne, P. (2009). Incredible! The Amazing Story of the Birth and Rebirth of a Natural Treasure: Phillip Island, South Pacific. Petaurus Press, Belconnen, Australia.
Coyne, P. (2010). Ecological rebound on Phillip Island, South Pacific. Ecological Management & Restoration 11(1): 4-15.
Duan, Lei et al. (2024). New insights into the phylogenetic relationships of tribe Astragaleae (Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae) and Astragalus—the largest genus of angiosperm. Biological Diversity. https://doi.org/10.1002/bod2.12021
Endlicher, Stephan F. L. (1836) Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita. King’s College, London. 1483 pp.
Ferdinand Bauer’s field drawings. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei s. 9, v. 11:201-244 (2000)
Fraser & Hemsley, 1917
Given, D. R. (1975). Conservation of rare and threatened plant taxa in New Zealand - some principles. Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society 22:1-6.
Govaerts, R. H. A. (2014). New combinations for the Phillip Island wheat grass, Anthosachne kingiana subsp. kingiana (Poaceae). Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 27(3): 23-24.
Green, P. (1991). Letter to Hugh Synge concerning conservation status of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands plants. Includes annotations to 27 Aug 1991 TPU printouts for Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.
Heenan, P. (2001). Relationships of Streblorrhiza (Fabaceae), an extinct monotypic genus from Phillip Island, South Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39(1): 9-15.
Heenan, Peter B., Wood, Jamie R. and Cole, Theresa L. (2018). A partial cpDNA trnL sequence from the extinct legume Streblorrhiza speciosa confirms its placement in the tribe Coluteae (Fabaceae). Phytotaxa 374(1): 87-91. [Abstract]
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Laing, Robert M. (1914). A Revised List of the Norfolk Island Flora, with some Notes on the Species. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 1-39 [8,28].
Lindley, J. (1841). Clianthus carneus. Register 27: t. 51.
Lucas, Grenville Llewellyn and Synge, Hugh (compilers). (1978). The IUCN Plant Red Data Book. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN. 540 pp. [pp. 293-294]
Maunder, Mike, Higgens, Sarah and Culham, Alastair. (1998). Neither common nor garden: The garden as a refuge for threatened plant species. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 15(2): 124-132. [Abstract]
Melville, R. (1969). The endemics of Phillip Island. Biol. Conserv. 1: 170-172.
Mills, K. (2009). The Vegetation of Phillip Island, Norfolk Island Group. Envirofund, Norfolk Island, Australia.
Oldfield, S. (2020). Streblorrhiza speciosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T30393A149811572. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T30393A149811572.en. Accessed on 02 July 2022.
Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. and MacKinven, A. (compilers). (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK.
POWO. (2023). Streblorrhiza speciosa Endl. Plants of the World Online (online resource). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 8 December 2023]
Schrire, Brian. (2007). Going...going... is it gone? Streblorrhiza speciosa – the Phillip Island glory pea. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 24(3): 196-197. [Abstract]
Silcock, Jen L., Field, Ashley R., Walsh, Neville G. and Fensham, Roderick J. (2019). To name those lost: assessing extinction likelihood in the Australian vascular flora. Oryx 54(2): 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318001357 [Supplementary Material]
Silcock, Jen L., Collingwood, Teghan, Llorens, Tanya and Fensham, Rod. (2020). Action Plan for Australia's Imperilled Plants 2020. Brisbane: NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub. 339 pp.
Silcock, Jen L., Collingwood, Teghan, Llorens, Tanya and Fensham, Rod. (2021). Action Plan for Australia's Imperilled Plants 2021. Brisbane: NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub. 342 pp.
Turner, J. S., Smithers, C. N. and Hoogland, R. D. (1968). The Conservation of Norfolk Island . Australian Conservation Foundation, Victoria. Pp. 18-19, 34.
Vargas, Pablo. (2023). Exploring ‘endangered living fossils’ (ELFs) among monotypic genera of plants and animals of the world. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11: 1100503. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1100503
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
W.C.M.C. (1996). Threatened plant database of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. W.C.M.C., Cambridge, U.K.
Wilson, Annette J. G. (ed.). (1994). Flora of Australia Volume 49, Oceanic Islands 1. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. xxiii + 681 pp. [p. 186-187]
Woinarski, John C. Z., Braby, M. F., Burbidge, A. A., Coates, D., Garnett, S. T., Fensham, R. J., Legge, S. M., McKenzie, N. L., Silcock, J L. and Murphy, B. P. (2019). Reading the black book: The number, timing, distribution and causes of listed extinctions in Australia. Biological Conservation 239: 108261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108261
World Conservation Monitoring Centre. (1998). Streblorrhiza speciosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T30393A9535375. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30393A9535375.en. Downloaded on 19 November 2016.
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