Orbexilum stipulatum (Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb. (1919:6)
Falls-of-the-Ohio scurfpea, Largestipule leather-root
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Psoralea stipulata Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1: 688 (1840); Lotodes stipulatum (Torr. & A.Gray) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 194 (1891)
Conservation Status
Extinct (Humphreys et al., 2019; Knapp et al., 2021; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)
Last record: 1856 (wild); 1871 (in cultivation) (both Ripley, 1975:43); 1881 (Knapp et al., 2021; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
This species has been identified as one of the 50 best candidates for de-extinction, ranking 19/50 (Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022).
Distribution
Rock Island, Ohio River, Louisville, Kentucky
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Fl. N. Amer. 1: 688. 1840
Other references:
Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]
Baskin, Jerry M., Isely, Duane and Baskin, Carol C. (1986). Geographical Origin of the Specimens of Orbexilum stipulatum (T. & G.) Rydb. (Psoralea stipulata T. & G.). Castanea 51(3): 207-210. [Abstract]
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
CPC. (1990). Centre for plant conservation data for North American plants database. CPC, Centre for plant conservation.
CPC. (1992). Centre for plant conservation data for North American plants database. CPC, Centre for plant conservation.
Fernald, M. L. (1950). Gray's manual of botany, eighth (centennial) edition. Corrected printing, 1970. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, N.Y. 1632 pp.
Gleason, H. A., and Cronquist, A. (1991). Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, second edition. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Isely, D. (1990). Leguminosae (Fabaceae), volume 3, part 2, Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC.
Isely, D. (1998). Native and Naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States: 1-1007. Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Knapp, Wesley M., Frances, Anne, Noss, Reed, Naczi, Robert F. C., Weakley, Alan, Gann, George D., Baldwin, Bruce G., Miller, James, McIntyre, Patrick, Mishler, Brent D., Moore, Gerry, Olmstead, Richard G., Strong, Anna, Kennedy, Kathryn, Heidel, Bonnie and Gluesenkamp, Daniel. (2021). Vascular plant extinction in the continental United States and Canada. Conservation Biology 35(1): 360-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13621 [Supporting Information (Appendix S1)]
POWO. (2018). Plants of the World online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://e-monocot.org/.
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 20 August 2024]
Ripley, S. Dillon. (1975). Report on endangered and threatened species of the United States. House Document 94-51: 1-200 [43].
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Working Draft: 21 May 2015.
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