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Euryapteryx curtus gravis (Owen, 1870:141)

Greater broad-billed moa, Stout-legged moa, Moa Hakahaka (Māori)

 

 

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Dinornis gravis Owen, 1870:141; Euryapteryx gravis (Owen, 1870:141); Euryapteryx curtus gravis (Owen, 1870:141); Euryapteryx pygmaeus Hutton, 1891:249; Emeus gravipes Lydekker, 1891:297; Euryapteryx gravipes (Lydekker, 1891:297); Euryapteryx compacta Hutton, 1893:6; Emeus crassus; Parker, 1895:379; Emeus species α Parker, 1895:379; Emeus species β Parker, 1895:379; Emeus species γ Parker, 1895:380; Euryapteryx ponderosa Hamilton, 1898:445; Emeus boothi Rothschild, 1907: Extinct Birds: 210. Unnecessary nomen novum for Emeus, species α Parker, 1895.; Emeus haasti Rothschild, 1907: Extinct Birds: 210. Unnecessary nomen novum for Emeus, species β Parker, 1895.; Zelornis haasti (Rothschild); Oliver 1949, Dom. Mus. Bull. 15: 125.; Emeus parkeri Rothschild, 1907: Extinct Birds: 210. Unnecessary nomen novum for Emeus, species γ Parker, 1895.; Euryapteryx kuranui Oliver 1930, New Zealand Birds, 1st edition: 52 – Castlepoint, Wairarapa.; Euryapteryx geranoides; Checklist Committee 1990, Checklist Birds N.Z.: 4. Not Palapteryx geranoides Owen, 1848.; Euryapteryx curtus (Owen); Tennyson & Martinson 2006, Extinct Birds of New Zealand: 36. In part.

 

A complete synonymy taken from (Checklist Committee (OSNZ), 2022:17-18):

Dinornis gravis Owen, 1870: Trans. Zool. Soc. London 7(2): 141 – Kakanui River, Otago.; Euryapteryx gravis (Owen); Haast 1874, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 6: 426.; Euryapteryx curtus gravis (Owen); Worthy & Scofield 2012, N.Z. Journ. Zool. 39: 131.; Euryapteryx pygmaeus Hutton, 1891: New Zealand Journ. Sci. (new series) 1(6): 249 – Takaka Hill, Nelson.; Emeus gravipes Lydekker, 1891: Cat. Fossil Birds Brit. Museum: 297 – Kakanui River, Otago.; Euryapteryx gravipes (Lydekker); Oliver 1930, New Zealand Birds, 1st edition: 53.; Euryapteryx compacta Hutton, 1893: Trans. N.Z. Inst. 25: 6 – Enfield, Canterbury.; Emeus crassus; Parker 1895, Trans. Zool. Soc. London 13(11): 379. Not Dinornis crassus Owen, 1846.; Emeus, species α Parker, 1895: Trans. Zool. Soc. London 13(11): 379 – Shag Point, Otago.; Emeus, species β Parker, 1895: Trans. Zool. Soc. London 13(11): 379 – Glenmark, Canterbury.; Emeus, species γ Parker, 1895: Trans. Zool. Soc. London 13(11): 380 – Hamilton Swamp, Otago.; Euryapteryx ponderosa; Hamilton 1898, Trans. N.Z. Inst. 30: 445. Not Euryapteryx ponderosus Hutton, 1891.; Emeus boothi Rothschild, 1907: Extinct Birds: 210. Unnecessary nomen novum for Emeus, species α Parker, 1895.; Emeus haasti Rothschild, 1907: Extinct Birds: 210. Unnecessary nomen novum for Emeus, species β Parker, 1895.; Zelornis haasti (Rothschild); Oliver 1949, Dom. Mus. Bull. 15: 125.; Emeus parkeri Rothschild, 1907: Extinct Birds: 210. Unnecessary nomen novum for Emeus, species γ Parker, 1895.; Euryapteryx kuranui Oliver 1930, New Zealand Birds, 1st edition: 52 – Castlepoint, Wairarapa.; Euryapteryx geranoides; Checklist Committee 1990, Checklist Birds N.Z.: 4. Not Palapteryx geranoides Owen, 1848.; Euryapteryx curtus (Owen); Tennyson & Martinson 2006, Extinct Birds of New Zealand: 36. In part.

 

Conservation Status

Extinct

Last record: Holocene

 

Distribution

South Island, New Zealand

 

Biology & Ecology

 

 

Hypodigm

NMNZS.24322 (single left and right tarsometatarsi, holotype of Euryapteryx pygmaeus)

 

Media

 

 

References

Anderson, A. (1989). Prodigious Birds. Moas and Moa-Hunting in New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. 238 pp.

Checklist Committee (OSNZ). (2010). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica (4th ed.). Ornithological Society of New Zealand & Te Papa Press, Wellington. [p. 16-17]

Checklist Committee (OSNZ). (2022). Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand (5th edition). Ornithological Society of New Zealand Occasional Publication No. 1. Wellington: Ornithological Society of New Zealand. [p. 17-18]

Fuller, Errol. (1988). Extinct Birds. New York: Facts on File Publications. 256 pp.

Hutton, F. W. (1891). On the classification of moas. New Zealand Journal of Science (newissue) 1: 247–249.

Huynen, L. and Lambert, D. M. (2014). Complex Species Status for Extinct Moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) from the Genus Euryapteryx. PLoS ONE 9(3): e90212.

Knox, Alan G. and Walters, Michael P. (1994). Extinct and endangered birds in the collections of The Natural History Museum. British Ornithologists' Club Occasional Publications 1: 1-292. [p. 277]

Miskelly, Colin M., Forsdick, Natalie J., Gill, Brian J., Palma, Ricardo L., Rawlence, Nicolas J. and Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2022). Amendments to the 2010 Checklist of the birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand Occasional Publication No. 2. Wellington: Ornithological Society of New Zealand.

Rawlence, Nicolas J. et al. (2009). DNA content and distribution in ancient feathers and potential to reconstruct the plumage of extinct avian taxa. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B  276(1672): 3395-3402.

Robertson, H. A., Baird, K. A., Elliott, G. P., Hitchmough, R. A., McArthur, N. J., Makan, T. D., Miskelly, Colin M., O’Donnell, C. F. J., Sagar, P. M., Scofield, R. P., Taylor, G. A. and Michel, P. (2021). Conservation status of birds in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2021. New Zealand Threat Classification Series 36. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 43 pp.

Hugh Robertson, John Dowding, Graeme Elliott, Rod Hitchmough, Colin Miskelly, Colin O’Donnell, Ralph Powlesland, Paul Sagar, Paul Scofield, Graeme Taylor. (2013). Conservation status of New Zealand birds, 2012. New Zealand Threat Classification Series 4. 22 pp.

Rothschild, Lionel Walter. (1907). Extinct birds: an attempt to write in one volume a short account of those birds which have become extinct in historical times, that is within the last six or seven hundred years: to which are added a few which still exist, but are on the verge of extinction. London: Hutchinson & Co. XXIX + 243 pp. [p. 210-211]

Tennyson, Alan J. D. and Bartle, J. A. (2008). Catalogue of type specimens of birds in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Tuhinga 19: 185-207.

Trotter, Michael M. (1965). Avian remains from North Otago archaeological sites. Notornis 12(3): 176-178.

Tyrberg, Tommy. (2009). Holocene avian extinctions, pp. 63-106. In: Turvey, Samuel T. (ed.). Holocene Extinctions. Oxford, UK & New York, USA: Oxford University Press. xii + 352 pp.

Williams, G. R. (1962). Extinction and the land and freshwater-inhabiting birds of New Zealand. Notornis 10(1): 15-32.

Williams, P. (1980). Metro cave. A survey of scientific and scenic resources. Report to N.Z. Forest Service.

Wood, Jamie R., Rawlence, Nicolas J., Rogers, Geoffrey M., Austin, Jeremy J., Worthy, Trevor H. and Cooper, Alan. (2008). Coprolite deposits reveal the diet and ecology of the extinct New Zealand megaherbivore moa (Aves, Dinornithiformes). Quaternary Science Reviews 27(27-28): 2593-2602.

Worthy TH (2005) Rediscovery of the types of Dinornis curtus Owen and Palapteryx geranoides Owen, with a new synonymy (Aves: Dinornithiformes). Tuhinga 16: 57-67.

Worthy, T. H. and Scofield, R. P. (2012). Twenty-first century advances in knowledg

Worthy, Trevor H. and Zhao, J. X. (2006). A late Pleistocene predator-accumulated avifauna from Kids Cave, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand. Alcheringa Special Issue 1: 389-408.e of the biology of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes): a new morphological analysis and moa diagnoses revised. NZ J. Zoology 39(2): 87-153. [Abstract]

Wragg, Graham M. (1981). The birds of Canterbury: history and present status. A dissertation presented as a requirement for the Diploma in Parks and Recreation (National Parks option). Lincoln College, New Zealand.

 

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