Encephalartos nubimontanus P.J.H.Hurter (1995:409)
Blue cycad
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Encephalartos venetus Vorster in S. African J. Bot. 62: 71 (1996)
Conservation Status
Extinct in the Wild (Raimondo et al., 2009; Williams et al., 2013; Bösenberg et al., 2020; Bösenberg, 2022; Dalrymple et al., 2023; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)
Last wild record: 2001 (Bösenberg, 2022; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct in the Wild
Distribution
Mountains north of Penge, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Hurter, P. J. H. (1995). Two newly described cycads from Africa. Phytologia 78(6): 409-416.
Other references:
Bösenberg, J. D. (2022). Encephalartos nubimontanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41896A51053415. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41896A51053415.en. Accessed on 15 October 2023.
Bösenberg, J.D., Rodgers, S. and Pillay, D. (2020). Encephalartos nubimontanus P.J.H.Hurter. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version. Accessed on 2024/06/02.
Calonje, M., Stevenson, D. W. and Osborne, R. (2023). The World List of Cycads, online edition [Internet]. 2013-2023. Available from: https://www.cycadlist.org/ [Accessed 20 October 2023]
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Dalrymple, S. E., Abeli, T., Ewen, J. G., Gilbert, T. C., Hogg, C. J., Lloyd, N. A., Moehrenschlager, A., Rodríguez, J. P. and Smith, D. (2023). Addressing Threats and Ecosystem Intactness to Enable Action for Extinct in the Wild Species. Diversity 15: 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020268
Donaldson, John S. (ed.). (2003). Cycads. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN. ix + 86 pp.
Donaldson, J. S. (2009). Encephalartos nubimontanus P.J.H.Hurter. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1. Accessed on 2017/06/05.
Haynes, Jody L. (2008). World list of cycads: a historical review. IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group. 35 pp.
Hilton-Taylor, Craig. (1996a). Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Hilton-Taylor, Craig. (1996b). Red Data List of southern African plants. 1. corrections and additions. Bothalia - African Biodiversity and Conservation 26(2): 177-182.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1] [lists this species as Extinct]
Hurter, J. and Claassen, I. (1996). Focus on Encephalartos nubimontanus. Encephalartos 45: 4-11.
Pereira, Maria João et al. (2020). Green Gardens Azores Project: A brief characterization of the vascular flora in the Azores’ historical gardens. Scientia Insularum: Revista de Ciencias Naturales en islas 3: 11-26.
POWO. (2024). Encephalartos nubimontanus P.J.H.Hurter. Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 4 February 2024]
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J. E., Helme, N. A., Turner, R. C., Kamundi, D. A. and Manyama, P. A. (2009). Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Rogers, S. and Pillay, D. (2010). Encephalartos nubimontanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T41896A10573776. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T41896A10573776.en. Downloaded on 05 June 2017.
Smith, Donal et al. (2023). Extinct in the wild: The precarious state of Earth’s most threatened group of species. Science 379(6634): eadd2889. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add2889
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
WCSP. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
Williams, V. L., Victor, J. E. and Crouch, N. R. (2013). Red Listed medicinal plants of South Africa: Status, trends, and assessment challenges. South African Journal of Botany 86: 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.01.006
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