Encephalartos heenanii R.A.Dyer (1972:539)
Heenan's cycad, Woolly cycad, Wollerige broodboom, siJekwane (Swati)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Extinct in the Wild (Bösenberg, 2022; Bösenberg & Steyn, 2023; Dalrymple et al., 2023; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)
Last wild record: 2006 (Bösenberg, 2022); 2019 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct in the Wild
Distribution
eSwatini (=Swaziland) & South Africa
Anatomy & Morphology
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Dyer, R. A. (1972). A new species of Encephalartos from Swaziland. Bothalia 10(4): 539-546.
Other references:
Boon, R. (2010). Pooley's Trees of eastern South Africa. Flora and Fauna Publications Trust, Durban.
Bösenberg, J. D. (2022). Encephalartos heenanii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T41888A51055983. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41888A51055983.en. Accessed on 19 February 2023.
Bösenberg, J. D. and Steyn, T. (2023). Encephalartos heenanii R.A.Dyer. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version . Accessed on 2024/06/02
Calonje, M., Stevenson, D. W. and Osborne, R. (2023). The World List of Cycads, online edition [Internet]. 2013-2023. Available from: https://www.cycadlist.org/ [Accessed 20 October 2023]
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Dalrymple, S. E., Abeli, T., Ewen, J. G., Gilbert, T. C., Hogg, C. J., Lloyd, N. A., Moehrenschlager, A., Rodríguez, J. P. and Smith, D. (2023). Addressing Threats and Ecosystem Intactness to Enable Action for Extinct in the Wild Species. Diversity 15: 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020268
Donaldson, John S. (ed.). (2003). Cycads. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN. ix + 86 pp.
Donaldson, John S. (2009). Encephalartos heenanii R.A.Dyer. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2020.1. Accessed on 2023/10/15
Emery, A. J., Lötter, M. and Williamson, S. D. (2002). Determining the conservation value of land in Mpumalanga. Report to the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa.
Golding, J. (ed.). (2002). Southern African Plant Red Data Lists. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network.
Goode, D. (2001). Cycads of Africa. Cycads of Africa Publishers, Gallomanor.
Grobbelaar, N. (2002). CYCADS - with special reference to the southern African species. Privately published by Nat Grobbelaar, Pretoria, South Africa.
Grobbelaar, N. (2003). Cycads. With special reference to the southern African species. (2nd ed.). Nat Grobbelaar, Pretoria.
Hall, A.V., De Winter, M., De Winter, B. and Van Oosterhout, S.A.M. 1980. Threatened plants of southern Africa. South African National Scienctific Programmes Report 45. CSIR, Pretoria.
Haynes, Jody L. (2008). World list of cycads: a historical review. IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group. 35 pp.
Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996. Red data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Hurter, J. (1994). Focus on Encephalartos heenanii. Encephalartos 40: 4-7.
Jones, D. L. (1993). Cycads of the world: Ancient plants in today's landscape. Reed, New South Wales.
POWO. (2024). Encephalartos heenanii R.A.Dyer. Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 4 February 2024]
Raimondo, D., von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. and Manyama, P.A. 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
Smith, Donal et al. (2023). Extinct in the wild: The precarious state of Earth’s most threatened group of species. Science 379(6634): eadd2889. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add2889
Williams, V. L., Victor, J. E. and Crouch, N. R. (2013). Red Listed medicinal plants of South Africa: Status, trends, and assessment challenges. South African Journal of Botany 86: 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.01.006
https://pza.sanbi.org/encephalartos-heenanii