Gomphrena rigida (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) T.Ortuño & Borsch (2020:367)
Galápagos amaranth
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Alternanthera rigida B.L.Rob. & Greenm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 3, 1: 143 (1895); Achyranthes rigida (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Standl. in J. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 74 (1915); Lithophila rigida (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Standl. in J. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 296 (1915); Philoxerus rigidus (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) J.T.Howell in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 21: 98 (1933); Blutaparon rigidum (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Mears in Taxon 31: 116 (1982)
Conservation Status
Extinct (Tye, 2000; León-Yánez et al., 2011:86,925; Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88; Tye & Lau, 2014a,b; Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024; POWO, 2024)
Last record: 1905-1906 (León-Yánez et al., 2011:86; Tye & Lau, 2014a,b); 1907 (Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Distribution
Santiago, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
Anatomy & Morphology
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]
Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
Hilton-Taylor, Craig. (2000). 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Lawesson, J. E., Adsersen, H. and Bentley, P. (1987). An updated and annotated checklist of the vascular plants of the Galápagos Islands. Reports from the Botanical Institute, University of Århus 16: 1-74. Aarhus, Denmark.
León-Yánez, Susana, Valencia, Renato, Pitman, Nigel, Endara, Lorena, Ulloa Ulloa, Carmen and Navarrete, Hugo (eds.). (2011). Libro rojo de las plantas endémicas del Ecuador, 2ª edición. Publicaciones del Herbario QCA,
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito. 957 pp. [WARNING: 194MB file]
Ortuño Limarino, T. and Borsch, T. (2020). Gomphrena (Amaranthaceae, Gomphrenoideae) diversified as a C4 lineage in the New World tropics with specializations in floral and inflorescence morphology, and an escape to Australia. Willdenowia, 50(3): 345-381.
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 14 April 2024]
Tye, A. (1999). Revision of the threat status of the endemic flora of Galapagos: a preliminary analysis. In: Galagagos Report 3. WWF, Fundacion Natura. Quito.
Tye, A. (2000). Blutaparon rigidum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000: e.T39087A10162181. Accessed on 14 April 2024.
Tye, A. and Lau, B. (2014a). Blutaparon rigidum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 15 February 2015.
Tye, A. and Lau, B. (2014b). Blutaparon rigidum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T39087A61481721. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T39087A61481721.en. Downloaded on 27 June 2021.
Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.
Wiggins, I. L. and Porter, D. M. (1971). Flora of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.