Atriplex tularensis Coville
Bakersfield saltbush, Bakersfield smallscale, Tulare saltbush, Tulare orach
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Conservation Status
Extinct (Rejmánek, 2018; Smith, 2018; Knapp et al., 2020, 2021; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022); erroneously considered rediscovered by (Humphreys et al., 2019:SD1) (see Knapp et al., 2020)
Last record: 1891 (Knapp et al., 2021); 1934 (Smith, 2018); 1991 (Rejmánek, 2018 [error for 1891?])
This species has been identified as one of the 50 best candidates for de-extinction, ranking 49/50 (Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022).
"Besides dramatic reduction of suitable habitats, hybridization with Atriplex serenana Nelson ex Abrams (a native species better adapted to dry conditions) resulted in swamping of the A. tularensis gene pool (Freas & Murphy, 1988, 1991; Rhymer & Simberloff, 1996; R. Tollifson, personal communication, March 1, 2017)."
(Rejmánek, 2018)
Distribution
California, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]
Freas, K. E. and Murphy, D. D. (1988). Taxonomy and the conservation of the critically endangered Bakersfield saltbush. Biological Conservation 46: 317-324.
Freas, K. E. and Murphy, D. D. (1991). The endangered Bakersfield saltbush. Fremontia, 19: 15-18.
Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]
Knapp, Wesley M., Frances, Anne, Noss, Reed, Naczi, Robert F. C., Weakley, Alan, Gann, George D., Baldwin, Bruce G., Miller, James, McIntyre, Patrick, Mishler, Brent D., Moore, Gerry, Olmstead, Richard G., Strong, Anna, Gluesenkamp, Daniel and Kennedy, Kathryn. (2020). Regional records improve data quality in determining plant extinction rates. Nature Ecology & Evolution 4: 512-514. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1146-1
Knapp, Wesley M., Frances, Anne, Noss, Reed, Naczi, Robert F. C., Weakley, Alan, Gann, George D., Baldwin, Bruce G., Miller, James, McIntyre, Patrick, Mishler, Brent D., Moore, Gerry, Olmstead, Richard G., Strong, Anna, Kennedy, Kathryn, Heidel, Bonnie and Gluesenkamp, Daniel. (2021). Vascular plant extinction in the continental United States and Canada. Conservation Biology 35(1): 360-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13621 [Supporting Information (Appendix S1)]
Le Roux, Johannes J., Hui, C., Castillo, M. L., Iriondo, J. M., Keet, J.-H., Khapugin, A. A., Médail, F., Rejmánek, M., Theron, G. Yannelli, F. A. and Hirsch, H. (2019). Recent Anthropogenic Plant Extinctions Differ in Biodiversity Hotspots and Coldspots. Current Biology 29(17): 2912-2918.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.063
Rejmánek, Marcel. (2018). Vascular plant extinctions in California: A critical assessment. Diversity and Distributions 24(1): 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12665
Rhymer, J. M. and Simberloff, D. (1996). Extinction by hybridization and introgression. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27: 83-109.
Smith, James P., jnr. (2018). California vascular plants: are some of them still out there? Botanical Studies 74: 1-4.
http://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/3880/atriplex-tularensis
https://www.calflora.org/app/taxon?crn=1012