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Ursus spelaeus spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794

Cave bear

 

 

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

 

 

Conservation Status

Extinct

 

Distribution

Europe

 

Biology

 

 

Hypodigm

 

 

Media

 

 

References

NB: many of the references listed below may refer to other taxa.

 

Original scientific description:

Rosenmüller, Johann Christian. (1794). Quaedam de ossibus fossilibus animalis cuiusdam, historiam eius et cognitionem accuratiorem illustrantia, dissertatio, quam d. 22. Octob. 1794 ad disputandum proposuit Ioannes Christ. Rosenmüller Heßberga-Francus, LL.AA.M. in Theatro anatomico Lipsiensi Prosector assumto socio Io. Chr. Aug. Heinroth Lips. Med. Stud. Cum tabula aenea.- 34 S., Leipzig.

 

Other references:

Ábelová, M. – Sabol, M. 2009. Attempt on the reconstruction of palaeotemperature and palaeoenvironment in the territory of Slovakia during the Last Glacial based on oxygen and carbon isotopes from tooth enamel and bone collagen of cave bears. Slovenský kras, 47, Suppl. 1, 5-18. 

Abrams, G., Bello, S. M., Di Modica, K., Pirson, S. and Bonjean, D. (2014). When Neanderthals used cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) remains: bone retouchers from unit 5 of Scladina Cave (Belgium). Quatern. Int. 326-327: 274-287.

Athen, K. (2006). Biostatistical investigation of long bones and metapodial bones of Ursus spelaeus and Ursus deningeri. Scientific Annals, School of Geology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 98: 159-162.

Augusta, J. – Hokr, Z. 1948a. O mláděti jeskynního medvěda (Ursus spelaeus Blmb.) z jaskyně „Domica“ ve Slovenskem krasu. Práce Štátneho geologického ústavu v Bratislave, 17, 29–34. 

Baca, M., Nadachowski, A., Lipecki, G., Mackiewicz, P., Marciszak, A., Popoviæ, D., Socha, P., Stefaniak, K., Wojtal, P. (2017). Impact of climatic changes in the Late Pleistocene on migrations and extinction of mammals in Europe: four case studies. Geological Quarterly 61(2): [pagination?]. doi: 10.7306/gq.1319

Baca, Mateusz, Popović, Danijela, Stefaniak, Krzysztof, Marciszak, Adrian, Urbanowski, Mikołaj, Nadachowski, Adam and Mackiewicz, Paweł. (2016). Retreat and extinction of the Late Pleistocene cave bear ([i]Ursus spelaeus[/i] sensu lato). The Science of Nature 103: 92.

Barlow, Axel et al. (2018). Partial genomic survival of cave bears in living brown bears. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2: 1563-1570. [Abstract]

Baryshnikov, G. F. (2006). Morphometrical variability of cheek teeth of cave bears. Scientific Annals, School of Geology. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Spec. 98: 81-102.

Baryshnikov, G. F., Germonpré, M. and Baryshnikova, S. V. (2010). Cave bear ([i]Ursus spelaeus[/i]) from Chamber B of the Goyet Cave in Belgium. Russian Journal of Theriology 9(2): 93-104.

Baryshnikov, Gennady F., Germonpré, M. and Sablin, M. (2003). Sexual dimorphism and morphometric variability of cheek teeth of the cave bear ([i]Ursus spelaeus[/i]). Belgian Journal of Zoology 133(2): 111-119.

Baryshnikov, Gennady F., Gimranov, Dmitry and Kosintsev, Pavel. (In Press, 2018). Variability of the upper incisors in the cave bears (Carnivora, Ursidae) from the Caucasus and Urals. Comptes Rendus Palevol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2018.08.001 [Abstract]

Baryshnikov, G. and Puzachenko, A. (2011). Craniometrical variability in the cave bears (Carnivora, Ursidae): multivariate comparative analysis. Quaternary International 245: 350-368.

Baryshnikov, Gennady F. and Puzachenko, Andrey Yu. (2018). Morphometry of upper cheek teeth of cave bears (Carnivora, Ursidae). Boreas. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12360 [Abstract]

Baryshnikov, Gennady F. and Puzachenko, Andrey Yu. (2020). Morphometry of lower cheek teeth of cave bears (Carnivora, Ursidae) and general remarks on the dentition variability. Boreas. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12447 [Abstract]

Baryshnikov, G. and Tsoukala, E. (2010). New analysis of the Pleistocene carnivores from Petralona Cave (Macedonia, Greece) based on the Collection of the Thessaloniki Aristotle University. Geobios 43: 389-402.

Bate, Dorothea M. A. (1937). Note on recent finds of Dama clactoniana (Cervus browni auctt.) in London and Swanscombe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 3(1-2): 460-463. [First page]

Bendík, A. – Sabol, M. 2007. Cave Bears from the Cave of Izabela Textorisová (the Veľká Fatra Mts., Slovakia) – a state of the art. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Geology, 35, 150–156.

Bendík, A. – Štuller, F. – Straka, Ľ. – Novomeský, F. – Nečas, L. – Strecha, J. – Sabol, M. 2009. Pathological modifications on bones of cave bears from the Veľká Fatra Mts. (Central Western Carpathians). Slovenský kras, 47, Suppl. 1, 19–24. 

Bocherens, Hervé. (2015). Isotopic tracking of large carnivore palaeoecology in the mammoth steppe. Quaternary Science Reviews 117: 42-71. [Abstract]

Bocherens, Hervé. (2019). Isotopic insights on cave bear palaeodiet. Historical Biology 31(4): 410-421. [Abstract]

Bocherens, Hervé, Bridault, A., Drucker, D.G., Hofreiter, M., Münzel, S.C., Stiller, M., van der Plicht, J. (2014). The last of its kind? Radiocarbon, ancient DNA and stable isotope evidence from a late cave bear (Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794) from Rochedane (France). Quaternary International 339-340: 179-188.

Hervé Bocherens, Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade and Keith A. Hobson. (In Press, 2014). Pitfalls in comparing modern hair and fossil bone collagen C and N isotopic data to reconstruct ancient diets: a case study with cave bears (Ursus spelaeus). Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies. [Abstract]

Bocherens, H., Stiller, M., Hobson, K. A., Pacher, M., Rabeder, G., Burns, J. A., et al. (2011). Niche partitioning between two sympatric genetically distinct cave bears (Ursus spelaeus and Ursus ingressus) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) from Austria: isotopic evidence from fossil bones. Quaternary International 245(2): 238-248.

Boeskorov G.G., S. E. Grigoriev, Baryshnikov G.F. (2012). New evidence for the existence of Pleistocene cave bears in Arctic Siberia. Doklady Biological Sciences 445(2): 226-230.

Bon C, Caudy N, de Dieuleveult M, Fosse P, Philippe M, Maksud F, Beraud-Colomb E, Bouzaide E, Kefie R, Laugier C, Rousseau B, Casane D, van der Plicht J, Elalouf J-M. (2008). Deciphering the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of the extinct cave bear in the Paleolithic painted cave of Chauvet. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 105(45): 17447-17452.

Bona, Fabio, Baioni, Marco and Cilli, Elisabetta. (2023). Paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in north-western Italy (Southern Alps) during the Last Glacial Stage: the small-mammal record from the Buco del Frate Cave (Prevalle – Brescia). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) 129(1): 79-90.

Boule, M. (1887). Ours et hyènes Quaternaires. Le Naturaliste revue illustrée des sciences naturelles (2) 5: 53-54.

Bray, Fabrice et al. (2022). Extinct species identification from late middle Pleistocene and earlier Upper Pleistocene bone fragments and tools not recognizable from their osteomorphological study by an enhanced proteomics protocol. archaeometry. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12800

Buccheri, Fabio et al. (2014). New evidence of interaction between Neandertal and cave bear during Middle Pleistocene in North Italy (Borgosesia, VC). Poster presented at the 7th International Meeting on Taphonomy and Fossilization Ferrara, Italy, September 10-13, 2014.

Buccheri, Fabio et al. (2016). Taphonomic analysis on fossil remains from the Ciota Ciara Cave (Piedmont, Italy) and new evidence of cave bear and wolf exploitation with simple quartz flakes by Neanderthal. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research in Paleontology and Stratigraphy) 122(3): 41-54.

Čeklovský, T. – Sabol, M. 2012. Cave Bear Assemblage from the Šarkanova diera Cave (the Volovské vrchy Mts., Eastern Slovakia). Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften 11: 25-39.

Channarayapatna, Sharada, Valensi, Patricia and Hohenstein, Ursula Thun. (2016). Archaeozoological analyses of large mammals from the prehistoric cave site of Lazaret, France: A case study of Archaeostratigraphic Unit 28, pp. 399-407. In: Pérez, Lucía Agudo et al. (eds.). IX Jornadas de Jóvenes en Investigación Arqueológica. Santander 8-11 de junio de 2016.

Charters, Daniel et al. (2019). Temporal variation in cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) dentition: The stratigraphic sequence of Scladina Cave, Belgium. Quaternary Science Reviews 205: 76-85. [Abstract]

Charters, Daniel et al. (2022). Morphological evolution of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) mandibular molars: coordinated size and shape changes through the Scladina Cave chronostratigraphy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 587: 110787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110787

Christiansen, Per. (1999). What size were Arctodus simus and Ursus spelaeus (Carnivora: Ursidae)? Ann. Zool. Fennici 36: 93-102.

Daschek, Éva J. and Mester, Zsolt. (2020). A site with mixed occupation: Neanderthals and carnivores at Érd (Hungary). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 29: 102116.

Dawkins, William Boyd. (1868). On the Pleistocene Mammals of Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire 4: 502-510.

Debeljak, Irena. (2007). Fossil population structure and mortality of the cave bear from the Mokrica Cave (northern Slovenia). Acta Carsologica 36(3): 475-484.

Diedrich, Cajus G. (2005). Cracking and nibbling marks as indicators for the Upper Pleistocene spotted hyaena as a scavenger of cave bear (Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794) carcasses in the Perick Caves den of Northwest Germany. Abhandlungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Nürnberg 45: 73-90.

Diedrich, Cajus G. (2006a). Ice age spotted hyenas ?hunting or only scavenging on a cave bear Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller at the Ice Age spotted hyena freeland den and prey deposit site Bad Wildungen-Biedensteg (Hessia, Germany). Scientific Annals, School of Geology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), special volume 98: 193-199.

Diedrich, Cajus G. (2006b). Die oberpleistozäne Population von Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller 1794 aus dem eiszeitlichen Fleckenhyänenhorst Perick-Höhlen von Hemer (Sauerland, NW Deutschland). Philippia 12(4): 275-346.

Diedrich, Cajus G. (2009). The rediscovered cave bear “Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller 1794” holotype of the Zoolithen Cave (Germany) from the historic Rosenmüller collection. Acta Carsologica Slovacia 47(1): 25-32.

Diedrich, Cajus G. (2012c). Cave bear killers and scavengers from the last ice age of central Europe: Feeding specializations in response to the absence of mammoth steppe fauna from mountainous regions. Quaternary International, special issue Mammoths and Their Relatives 1: Biotopes, Evolution and Human Impact V International Conference, Le Puy-en-Velay, 2010 255: 59-78. [Abstract]

Diedrich, Cajus G. (2015). ‘Neanderthal bone flutes’: simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave bear cubs in European cave bear dens. R. Soc. open sci. 2: 140022.

Dong, Wei and Zhang, Yingqi. (2022). Biochronologic sequences of the Pleistocene mammalian faunas in China and correlations with numeric dating. Quaternary Sciences 42(5): 1227-1246. https://doi.org/10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2022.05.01

Döppes, Doris et al. (2019). Extinction pattern of Alpine cave bears - new data and climatological interpretation. Historical Biology 31(4): 422-428. [Abstract]

Döppes, Doris et al. (2021). The late pleistocene cave bear fauna of the Torrener Bärenhöhle in the northern alps (Salzburg, Austria). Historical Biology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1849175 [Abstract]

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Estraviz López, Darío et al. (2021). Quantitative classification of metapodial bones of Ursus spelaeus and Ursus arctos from Northwestern Iberia using multivariate analysis. Ciências da Terra Procedia 1: 92-95. doi:10.21695/cterraproc.v1i0.418

Farina, Simone. (2016). Catalogue of the late Pleistocene-Holocene fossil mammalian collection from “Canale delle Acque Alte (Canale Mussolini)” (Natural History Museum, University of Pisa). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie A, 123: 47-53, 3 figs.

Figueirido, Borja and van Heteren, Anneke H. (2019). The story continues: recent advances on the life and death of the Pleistocene cave bear. Historical Biology 31(4): 405-409. [Abstract]

Fortes, Gloria G. et al. (2016). Ancient DNA reveals differences in behaviour and sociality between brown bears and extinct cave bears. Molecular Ecology 25(19): 4907-4918. [Abstract]

Fourvel, Jean-Baptiste, Fosse, Philippe, Fernandez, Philippe and Antoine, Pierre-Olivier. (2014). La grotte de Fouvent, dit l’Abri Cuvier (Fouvent-le-Bas, Haute-Saône, France): analyse taphonomique d’un repaire d’hyènes du Pléistocène supérieur (OIS 3). PALEO 25: 79-99.

Fuentes-Sánchez, Daniel et al. (2019). Evidence of congenital block vertebra in Pleistocene Cave Bear (Ursus spelaeus) from Cueva de Guantes (Palencia, Spain). International Journal of Paleopathology 24: 165-170.

Gaetani, Sonia et al. (year?). THE CAVE BEARS FROM SAMBUGHETTO VALSTRONA (PIEDMONT, NORTHERN ITALY) REVISITED. NEW DATA ON THE TEETH AND METAPODIA INDICES WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE EVOLUTIONARY STEP. The Journal of Paleontological Sciences.

Galdies, Johann. (2021). The bears of the European steppe: a review. Quaternaire 33(1): 47-62. [Abstract]

García-Vázquez, Ana, Pinto-Llona, Ana C. and Grandal-d’Anglade, Aurora. (In Press, 2017). Brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) palaeoecology and diet in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of the NW of the Iberian Peninsula: A study on stable isotopes. Quaternary International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.08.063 [Abstract]

García-Vázquez, Ana et al. (2023). Characterising the cave bear Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller by ZooMS: a review of peptide mass fingerprinting markers. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. doi:10.1017/S1755691023000038

Ghezzo, Elena, Palchetti, Alessandro and Rook, Lorenzo. (2014). Recovering data from historical collections: stratigraphic and spatial reconstruction of the outstanding carnivoran record from the Late Pleistocene Equi cave (Apuane Alps, Italy). Quaternary Science Reviews 96: 168-179.

Gimranov, Dmitry, Bocherens, Hervé, Kavcik-Graumann, Nadja, Nagel, Doris and Rabeder, Gernot. (2022). The cave bears from Imanay Cave (Southern Urals, Russia). Historical Biology 35(4): 580-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2056837

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Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade and Fernando Lopez-Gonzalez. (2004). A study of the evolution of the Pleistocene cave bear by a morphometric analysis of the lower carnassial. Oryctos 5: 83-94.

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https://twilightbeasts.wordpress.com/2014/07/02/the-bear-necessities/

https://sciworthy.com/cave-bears-probably-did-eat-their-vegetables/

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Axel_Barlow/publication/337077396_Cave_bears_and_ancient_DNA_a_mutually_beneficial_relationship/links/5dc3f2b14585151435ef86f7/Cave-bears-and-ancient-DNA-a-mutually-beneficial-relationship.pdf

http://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/8471/ursus-spelaeus-cave-bear

 

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