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Panthera leo leo Linnaeus, 1758:41

Barbary lion, Atlas lion

 

 

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonym/s: Panthera leo barbaricus (Meyer); Panthera leo barbarus (Fischer); Panthera leo leo (Allen); Panthera leo nigra (Loche)

 

Conservation Status

Last record: 1922 (Goodwin & Goodwin, 1973); 1942?

Taxonomically rediscovered (Kitchener et al., 2017).

 

Distribution

Africa

 

Biology & Ecology

 

 

Hypodigm

MCZ 39664 (skull minus lower jaw, several smaller bones; female?)

 

Media

 

 

References

Original scientific description:

Linnaeus, Carolus. (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis. Stockholm, Sweden.

 

Other references:

Allard-Huard L (1994) Les secteurs rupestres du sous-continent saharien et du Nil. Dossiers d’Archéologie, Arts rupestres du Sahara 197: 70-82.

Allen, J. A. (1924). Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 47: 73-281.

Barazandeh, Marjan et al. (2024). The Addis Ababa Lions: Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Rare and Precious Population. Genome Biol. Evol. 16(2): evae021. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae021

Barnett, Ross, Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki, Barnes, Ian and Cooper, Alan. (2006). Lost populations and preserving genetic diversity in the lion Panthera leo: Implications for its ex situ conservation. Conservation Genetics 7: 507-514.

Barnett, R., Yamaguchi, N., Shapiro, B. and Sabin, R. (2008). Ancient DNA analysis indicates the first English lions originated from North Africa. Contributions to Zoology 77(1): 7-16.

Barnett, Ross et al. (2014). Revealing the maternal demographic history of Panthera leo using ancient DNA and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 70.

Bertola, L. D., Miller, S. M., Williams, V. L., Naude, V. N., Coals, P., Dures, S. G., Henschel, P., Chege, M., Sogbohossou, E. A., Ndiaye, A., Kiki, M., Gaylard, A., Ikanda, D. K., Becker, M. S. and Lindsey, P. (2022). Genetic guidelines for translocations: Maintaining intraspecific diversity in the lion (Panthera leo). Evolutionary Applications 15: 22-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13318

Black Simon A. (2015). System behaviour charts inform an understanding of biodiversity recovery. International Journal of Ecology 2015: 6 pp.

Black, Simon A. (2016). The Challenges and Relevance of Exploring the Genetics of North Africa’s “Barbary Lion” and the Conservation of Putative Descendants in Captivity. International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2016: 6901892 (9 pp.).

Black SA, Fellous A, Yamaguchi N, Roberts DL. (2013). Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation. PLoS ONE 8(4): e60174.

Black, S., Yamaguchi, N., Harland, A. and Groombridge, J. (2009). Maintaining the genetic health of putative Barbary lions in captivity: an analysis of Moroccan Royal Lions. European Journal of Wildlife Research 56(1): 21-31.

Brook, Barry W., Buettel, Jessie C. and Jarić, Ivan. (Accepted). A fast re‐sampling method for using reliability ratings of sightings with extinction‐date estimators. Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2787 [Abstract]

Burger, Joachim and Hemmer, Helmut. (2006). Urgent call for further breeding of the relic zoo population of the critically endangered Barbary lion (Panthera leo leo Linnaeus 1758). European Journal of Wildlife Research 52(1): 54-58.

Callou, C., Samzun, A. and Zivie, A. (2004). A lion found in the Egyptian tomb of Maïa. Nature 427: 211. [relevant citation?]

Chaudhary, Rohit et al. (2023). Food habits and dietary partitioning between leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) and Asiatic lion (Panthera leo leo) in Gir protected area, Gujarat, India. Mammal Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-023-00697-z

Cilli, Elisabetta et al. (2023). Museomics Provides Insights into Conservation and Education: The Instance of an African Lion Specimen from the Museum of Zoology “Pietro Doderlein”. Diversity 15(1): 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010087

Day, David. (1981). The Doomsday Book of Animals: A Natural History of Vanished Species. New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press.

Fellous-Djardini, Amina et al. (2023). The natural history of lions in North Africa and the relevance of their depiction in the “Lions Attacking a Dromedary” diorama. Curator: The Museum Journal 66(3): 419-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/cura.12564

Goodwin, Harry A. and Goodwin, J. M. (1973). List of mammals which have become extinct or are possibly extinct since 1600. Int. Union Conserv. Nat. Occas. Pap. 8: 1-20.

Gray, John Edward. (1843). List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. London, The Trustees.

Haas, Sarah K., Hayssen, Virginia and Krausman, Paul R. (2005). Panthera leo. Mammalian Species 762: 1-11, 3 figs.

Haddadou, M. A. (1994). L'Algérie mystérieuse. Alger.

Hamdinea, Watik; Thévenotb, Michel; Michaux, Jacques (1998). “Histoire récente de l’ours brun au Maghreb“. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences 321 (7): 565–570.  [relevant citation?]

Hunter, L. and Yamaguchi, N. (2000a). Oxford DNA search for the Barbary lion. Endangered Species 1: 68-69.

Hunter, L. and Yamaguchi, N. (2000b). The Barbary Lion: resurrected king or myth? Africa: Environment and Wildlife. 8: 93-97.

Kitchener A. C., Breitenmoser-Würsten Ch., Eizirik E., Gentry A., Werdelin L., Wilting A., Yamaguchi N., Abramov A. V., Christiansen P., Driscoll C., Duckworth J. W., Johnson W., Luo S.-J., Meijaard E., O’Donoghue P., Sanderson J., Seymour K., Bruford M., Groves C., Hoffmann M., Nowell K., Timmons Z. & Tobe S. 2017. A revised taxonomy of the Felidae. The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. Cat News Special Issue 11: 80 pp.

Lee, T. E., Black, S. A., Fellous, A., Yamaguchi, N., Angelici, F. M., Al Hikmani, H., Reed, J. M., Elphick, C. S. and Roberts, D. L. (2015). Assessing uncertainty in sighting records: an example of the Barbary lion. PeerJ 3: e1224.

Lehocká, K., Black, S. A., Harland, A., Kadlečík, O., Kasarda, R. and Moravčíková, N. (2021). Genetic diversity, viability and conservation value of the global captive population of the Moroccan Royal lions. PLoS ONE 16(12): e0258714. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258714

Leyhausen, P. (1975). Preliminary report on the possibility of a breeding programme for the atlas lion at Temara zoo, Morocco. International Zoo News 21-22(126): 22-23.

Maas, P. H. J. (2010). Barbary Lion - Panthera leo leo. In: TSEW (2012). The Sixth Extinction Website. (http://http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct). Downloaded on 6 August 2012.

de Manuel, Marc et al. (2020). The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions. PNAS 117(20): 10927-10934.

Mazák V. (1970). The Barbary lion, Panthera leo leo, (Linnaeus 1758): some systematic notes, and an interim list of the specimens preserved in European museums. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 35: 34-45.

Niittynen, Miranda A. M. (2023). Lions Attacking a Dromedary: The Verreaux Brothers, Imperial Taxidermy, and Postmortem Bodily Rights. Curator: The Museum Journal 66(3): 441-457. https://doi.org/10.1111/cura.12563

Nowell K.,  and Jackson P. (1996) Wild cats, status survey and conservation action plan. Gland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group.

O’Regan, H. J., Turner, A. and Sabin, R. C. (2005). Medieval big cat remains from the Royal Menagerie at the Tower of London. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 15: 1-10. [Abstract]

Osborn, D. J. and Osbornova, J. (1998). The mammals of ancient Egypt. The Natural History of Egypt, 4. Warminster, U.K.: Aris and Phillips Ltd. [relevant citation?]

Patterson, B.D., Kays, R.W., Kasiki, S.M. and Sebestyen, V.M. (2006) Developmental effects of climate on the lion’s mane (Panther leo). Journal of Mammology, 82(2): 193-200.

Rossi, L., Scuzzarella, C. M. and Angelici, F. M. (2020). Extinct or Perhaps Surviving Relict Populations of Big Cats: Their Controversial Stories and Implications for Conservation, pp. 393-417. In: Angelici F., Rossi L. (eds.). Problematic Wildlife II. Cham: Springer.

Schnitzler, A. E. (2011). Past and present distribution of the North African-Asian lion subgroup: a review. Mammal Review 41(3): 220-243.

Simeonovski, V. (2014) “The thief of Beja” 13 February 1823, the vicinity of Beja , Tunisia. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10200278268637339&set=a.1930331635954.58603.1772149103&type=3&theater

Tefera, Melaku. (2003). Phenotypic and reproductive characteristics of lions (Panthera leo) at Addis Ababa Zoo. Biodiversity and Conservation 12(8): 1629-1639.

Van Albada M, van Albada A (1994) Un riche bestiaire néolithique. Dossiers Archéologie Art rupestre du Sahara 197: 24-45.

Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki. (2000a). Follow up: the Barbary lion project: its feasibility and potential. African Lion News 2: 12-13.

Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki. (2000b). The Barbary lion and the Cape lion: their phylogenetic places and conservation. African Lion Working Group News 1: 9-11.

Yamaguchi, N. (2001). Restoring the Barbary lion. In Macdonald, D.W. ed. The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford. p 12.

Yamaguchi, N. (2005a). The identity of the royal lion of Morocco: a recent development in molecular investigation. African Lion News 6: 23-26.

Yamaguchi, N. (2005b). Phylogeny and conservation of extinct populations: the Barbary lion and the Caspian tiger. In Macdonald, D.W. ed. The Second WildCRU Review. Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Oxford. p 48.

Yamaguchi, N. and Haddane, B. (2002). The North African Barbary lion and the Atlas Lion Project. International Zoo News 49: 465-481.

https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/barbarylion/

http://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/7407/panthera-leo-ssp-barbary-lion

 

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