Eupaludestrina spinellii (Gredler, 1860)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Paludina (Bythinia) thermalis spinellii Gredler, 1860; Heleobia spinellii (Gredler, 1860); Heleobia (Eupaludestrina) spinellii (Gredler, 1860)
Conservation Status
Extinct (Cianfanelli, 2010a,b; Riccardi et al., 2026)
Last record: 1850 (Cianfanelli, 2010a,b; Riccardi et al., 2026)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
Distribution & Habitat
Lombardy Region, Italy
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Gredler, V. M. (1860). Tirol's Land- und Süsswasser-Conchylien. II. Die Süsswasser-Conchylien. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien 9: 213-308.
Other references:
Cianfanelli, S. (2010a). Heleobia spinellii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 25 January 2015.
Cianfanelli, S. (2010b). Heleobia spinellii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T155676A4821485. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155676A4821485.en. Downloaded on 26 June 2021.
Cowie, Robert H., Régnier, Claire, Fontaine, Benoît, and Bouchet, Philippe. (2017). Measuring the Sixth Extinction: what do mollusks tell us? The Nautilus 131(1): 3-41.
Cuttelod, A., Seddon, M. and Neubert, E. (2011). European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
Manganelli, G., Bodon, M., Cianfanelli, S., Favilli, L., Giusti, F. (2000). Conoscienza e conservazione dei molluschi non marini italiani: lo stato delle ricerche. Bollettino Malacologico 36(1-4): 5-42.
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Eupaludestrina spinellii (Gredler, 1860). Accessed at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1457274 on 2026-08-01
Nardi, G. (2015). Gli endemiti della fauna malacologica bresciana. Natura Bresciana (Civic Museum of Natural Sciences of Brescia) 39: 57-93.
Pezzoli, E. and Lemme, M. (2003). I molluschi delle sorgenti e delle "acque sotterranee. Museo Civico Di Scienze Naturali Di Brescia. Monografie Di «Natura Bresciana» 26.
Riccardi, N., Urbańska, M. and Varandas, S. (2026). Eupaludestrina spinellii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2026: e.T155676A222360455. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2026-1.RLTS.T155676A222360455.en. Accessed on 04 August 2026.
Ruffo, S. and Stoch, F. (eds.). (2006). Checklist and distribution of the Italian fauna. 10.000 terrestrial and inland waters species. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 2.serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 17: 307 pp. + CD-ROM.