Pleurobema hagleri (Frierson, 1900)

Brown pigtoe

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Now considered a synonym of P. rubellum (Williams et al. 2008, 2017; Graf & Cummings, 2021, 2025).

Conservation Status

Invalid (synonym of P. rubellum) (Williams et al. 2008, 2017; Graf & Cummings, 2021, 2025)

IUCN RedList status: Extinct

Previously considered Extinct (Bogan, 2000b; Cowie et al., 2017).

Distribution & Habitat

Alabama, USA

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Frierson, L. S. (1900). A new Alabama Unio. The Nautilus. 13(10): 109-110, plate 2.

Other references:

Baillie, J. and Groombridge, B. (eds). (1996). 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. pp. 378. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Bogan, Arthur E. (Mollusc Specialist Group). (2000a). Pleurobema hagleri. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 19 July 2013.

Bogan, Arthur E. (Mollusc Specialist Group). (2000b). Pleurobema hagleri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000: e.T17684A7314888. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T17684A7314888.en. Accessed on 02 July 2022.

Cowie, Robert H., Régnier, Claire, Fontaine, Benoît, and Bouchet, Philippe. (2017). Measuring the Sixth Extinction: what do mollusks tell us? The Nautilus 131(1): 3-41.

Graf, Daniel L. and Cummings, Kevin S. (2021). A ‘big data’ approach to global freshwater mussel diversity (Bivalvia: Unionoida), with an updated checklist of genera and species. Journal of Molluscan Studies 87(1): eyaa034 (36 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyaa034

Graf, Daniel L. and Cummings, Kevin S. (2025). The Freshwater Mussels (Unionoida) of the World (and other less consequential bivalves). MUSSEL Project Web Site, https://www.mussel-project.net/. Accessed 6 July 2025.

Hilton-Taylor, Craig. (2000). 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Pleurobema hagleri (Frierson, 1900). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=857906 on 2025-07-06

Williams, James D., Bogan, Arthur E., Butler, Robert S., Cummings, Kevin S., Garner, Jeffrey T., Harris, John L., Johnson, Nathan A. and Watters, G. Thomas. (2017). A revised list of the freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the United States and Canada. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20: 33-58.

Williams, James D., Bogan, Arthur E. and Garner, Jeffrey T. (2008). Freshwater mussels of Alabama and the Mobile Basin in Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. xv + 908 pp.

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