Cyanea longissima (Rock) H.St.John (1978:98)

Streambank cyanea

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonyms: Cyanea scabra var. longissima Rock in Monogr. Stud. Haw. Lobelioid.: 255 (1919); Delissea longissima (Rock) H.St.John in Phytologia 63: 85 (1987); Cyanea scabra var. variabilis Rock in Monogr. Stud. Haw. Lobelioid.: 255 (1919); Delissea scabra var. variabilis (Rock) H.St.John in Phytologia 63: 88 (1987)

Conservation Status

Missing (Wood et al., 2019; NatureServe, 2026) or Extinct (WCMC, 1992:216 [twice; under both C. longissima and C. scabra longissima]; Wagner et al., 1999:25; Humphreys et al., 2019; Albani Rocchetti et al., 2022; POWO, 2024; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2025; Wagner et al., 2026:25)

Last record: 1927 (Wood et al., 2019; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2025; NatureServe, 2026)

Distribution & Habitat

Maui (east), Hawaiian Islands, USA

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Rock, J. F. (1919). A monographic study of the Hawaiian species of the tribe Lobelioideae, family Campanulaceae. Mem. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 7(2): 1-395.

Other references:

Albani Rocchetti, Giulia, Carta, Angelino, Mondoni, Andrea, Godefroid, Sandrine, Davis, Charles C., Caneva, Giulia, Albrecht, Matthew A., Alvarado, Karla, Bijmoer, Roxali, Borosova, Renata, Bräuchler, Christian, Breman, Elinor, Briggs, Marie, Buord, Stephane, Cave, Lynette H., Da Silva, Nílber Gonçalves, Davey, Alexandra H., Davies, Rachael M., Dickie, John B., Fabillo, Melodina, Fleischmann, Andreas, Franks, Andrew, Hall, Geoffrey, Kantvilas, Gintaras, Klak, Cornelia, Liu, Udayangani, Medina, Leopoldo, Reinhammar, Lars Gunnar, Sebola, Ramagwai J., Schönberger, Ines, Sweeney, Patrick, Voglmayr, Hermann, White, Adam, Wieringa, Jan J., Zippel, Elke Zippel and Abeli, Thomas. (2022). Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria. Nature Plants 8: 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01296-7 [Supplementary Tables S1-S6]

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2025). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 207(3): 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

Lammers, T. G. (1990). Campanulaceae, pp. 420-489. In: Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai`i. Special Publ. Bishop Mus., Honolulu 83: 1-1853.

Lammers, T. G. (2007). World checklist and bibliography of Campanulaceae: 1-675. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

NatureServe. (2026). Cyanea longissima: Streambank Cyanea. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: https://explorer.natureserve.org/ [Accessed on 21 August 2026]

POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 25 August 2024]

Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.

Wagner, Warren L., Khan, Nancy R., Lorence, David H., Flynn, Timothy W. and Wood, Kenneth R. (2026). Checklist of native and naturalized Hawaiian vascular plants. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 123: i-xii + 1-96, 3 tables. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.32124043

Walter, Kerry S. and Gillett, Harriet J. (eds.). (1998). 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK: IUCN – The World Conservation Union. lxiv + 862 pp.

WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). (1992). Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's living resources. London: Chapman & Hall. xx + 594 pp.

Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.

https://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/2881/cyanea-longissima

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