Cyanea dolichopoda Lammers & Lorence (1993:432)

Long-foot cyanea

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Missing (Wagner et al., 1999a:24; Suckling et al., 2004 [as "extinct or missing"]; Wood et al., 2019; PEPP, 2024; NatureServe, 2026) or Extinct (Baillie & Butcher, 2012:88; Humphreys et al., 2019; POWO, 2024; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2025; Wagner et al., 2026:24)

Last record: 1990 (Wood et al., 2019; NatureServe, 2026); 1990 (specimen collected) (Lammers & Lorence, 1993; Suckling et al., 2004:49/63); 1992 (sighting) (Lammers & Lorence, 1993; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2025 [; Suckling et al., 2004:49/63(?)])

IUCN RedList status: Extinct

"Cyanea dolichopoda is known only from the type specimen collected in 1990 at the headwaters of the Wailua River, Kauai. Surveys following the strike of Hurricane Iniki in 1992 failed to locate the species. The species may survive undetected, and virtually undetectable, on the vertical cliffs surrounding the Blue Hole"

(Suckling et al., 2004:49/63)

Distribution & Habitat

headwaters of the Wailua River, Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, USA

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Lammers, Thomas G. and Lorence, David H. (1993). A new species of Cyanea (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from Kaua'i, and the resurrection of C. remyi. Novon 3(4): 431-436. https://doi.org/10.2307/3391390

Other references:

Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.

Bruegmann, M., Caraway, V. L. and Clark, M. (2016a). Cyanea dolichopoda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T44094A83790763. Downloaded on 10 September 2016.

Bruegmann, M., Caraway, V. L. and Clark, M. (2016b). Cyanea dolichopoda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T44094A83790763. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T44094A83790763.en. Downloaded on 23 June 2021.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2023). Uitgestorven. Op plantenjacht rond de wereld: 1-511. Sterck & De Vreese.

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2025). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 207(3): 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]

Humphreys, Aelys M., Govaerts, Rafaël, Ficinski, Sarah Z., Lughadha, Eimear Nic and Vorontsova, Maria S. (2019). Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1043-1047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0906-2 [Supplementary Dataset 1]

Kartesz, J. T. (1999). A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.

Lammers, T. G. (2007). World checklist and bibliography of Campanulaceae: 1-675. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

NatureServe. (2026). Cyanea dolichopoda: Long-foot Cyanea. NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer [web application]. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available at: https://explorer.natureserve.org/ [Accessed on 21 August 2026]

PEPP. (2024). Plant Extinction Prevention Program species list, January 2024. Available at: http://www.pepphi.org/pep-species-list.html [Accessed 10 February 2025]

POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 25 August 2024]

Suckling, Kieran, Slack, Rhiwena and Nowicki, Brian. (2004). Extinct and the Endangered Species Act. Centre For Biological Diversity. 63 pp.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2003). Rare plant database. Unpublished.

Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999a). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.

Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. (1999b). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.

Wagner, Warren L., Khan, Nancy R., Lorence, David H., Flynn, Timothy W. and Wood, Kenneth R. (2026). Checklist of native and naturalized Hawaiian vascular plants. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 123: i-xii + 1-96, 3 tables. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.32124043

Wood, Kenneth R. (2015). Survey Results for Eight Possibly Extinct Plant Species from Kaua`i, Hawai`i. Prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FWS Agreement No. F12AC00737. 293 pp.

Wood, Kenneth R., Oppenheimer, Hank and Keir, Matthew. (2019). A checklist of endemic Hawaiian vascular plant taxa that are considered possibly extinct in the wild. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Technical Report #314.

http://www.pepphi.org/uploads/2/5/4/7/25478598/pep_list_20180410.pdf

http://www.pepphi.org/uploads/2/5/4/7/25478598/pep_list_20150420.pdf

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