Clermontia grandiflora maxima Lammers (1991:77)

Large-flower clermontia, ‘ōhā wai, hāhā, ‘ōhā

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Conservation Status

Missing (PEPP, 2024; Shay, 2025); previously Rediscovered before second disappearance

Last record: 1973 (Wood, 2012:91)

Rediscovered on: 4 October 1997 (Wood, 2012:92)

Last record: 1997 (Shay, 2025)

IUCN RedList status: Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct)

Distribution & Habitat

Maui, Hawaiian Islands, USA

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Original scientific description:

Lammers, T. G. (1991). Systematics of Clermontia (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 32: 1-97.

Other references:

Gon III, S. M. (2008). Revised list of Hawaiian names of plants native and introduced with brief descriptions and notes as to occurrence and medicinal or other values. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 6: 405-442.

Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.

Kartesz, J. T. (1999). A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.

PEPP. (2024). Plant Extinction Prevention Program species list, January 2024. Available at: http://www.pepphi.org/pep-species-list.html [Accessed 10 February 2025]

POWO. (2025). Plants of the World Online (online resource). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/ [Accessed 1 April 2025]

Shay, K. (2025). Clermontia grandiflora subsp. maxima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T255435724A255448936. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T255435724A255448936.en. Accessed on 11 August 2026.

Wagner, Warren L., Bruegmann, Marie M., Herbst, Derral M. and Lau, Joel Q. C. (1999a). Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 60: 1-58.

Wagner, Warren L., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. (1999b). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., Khan, N. and Flynn, T. (2012). Hawaiian vascular plant updates: a supplement to the manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i and Hawai'i's ferns and fern allies, version 1.3 [12 April 2012]. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA.

Wagner, Warren L., Herbst, D. and Sohmer, S. (1990). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

Wagner, Warren L., Khan, Nancy R., Lorence, David H., Flynn, Timothy W. and Wood, Kenneth R. (2026). Checklist of native and naturalized Hawaiian vascular plants. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 123: i-xii + 1-96, 3 tables. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.32124043

Wood, Kenneth R. (2012). Possible Extinctions, Rediscoveries, and New Plant Records within the Hawaiian Islands. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2011. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Lucius G. Eldredge. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 91-102.

World Conservation Monitoring Centre. (1998). Clermontia grandiflora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e.T34036A9833134. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34036A9833134.en. Accessed on 01 April 2025.

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