Brighamia insignis A.Gray (1867:185)
ʻālula, puaʻala, ʻōlulu, Vulcan palm, Cabbage on a stick
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonyms: Brighamia insignis f. citrina C.N.Forbes & Lydgate in Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 6(4): 11 (1917); Brighamia citrina (C.N.Forbes & Lydgate) H.St.John in Pacific Sci. 12: 182 (1958); Brighamia citrina var. napoliensis H.St.John in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 62: 194 (1969)
Conservation Status
Extinct in the Wild (Walsh et al., 2023; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024)
Last wild record: 29 August 2012 (Walsh et al., 2023; Christenhusz & Govaerts, 2024 [as 2012])
IUCN RedList status: Extinct in the Wild
Distribution
Kauaʻi & Niʻihau, Hawaiian Islands, USA
Biology & Ecology
Hypodigm
Media
References
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Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. and Govaerts, Rafaël. (2024). Plant extinction in the Anthropocene. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 [Appendix S1]
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Gurnoe, Tony, Bugarchich, Jeremy, Khoury, Colin K. and Novy, Ari. (2023). Plant Conservation Efforts at the San Diego Botanic Garden, 14 pp. In: Pullaiah, T. and Galbraith, David A. (eds.). Botanical Gardens and Their Role in Plant Conservation: European and American Botanical Gardens, Volume 3. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 310 pp.
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Hillebrand, W. F. (1888). Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams. Facsimile ed., 1981. Lubrecht & Cramer, Monticello, NY. 673 pp.
Kartesz, J. T. (1994). A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Lammers, T. G. (1989). Revision of Brighamia (Campanulacea: Lobelioideae), a caudiciform succulent endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Systematic Botany 14(1): 133-138.
Lammers, T. G. (1990). Campanulaceae, pp. 420-489. In: Wagner, W.L., D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai`i. Special Publ. Bishop Mus., Honolulu 83: 1-1853.
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Walsh, S. (2015). Floral Biology, Breeding System, Pollination Ecology, and ex situ Genetic Diversity of the Endangered Hawaiian Species, Brighamia insignis A. Gray (Campanulaceae). Master of Science in Botany, University of Hawai'i, Mānoa.
Walsh, S. (2016). Brighamia insignis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T44080A83789215. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T44080A83789215.en. Downloaded on 15 April 2018.
Walsh, S., Nyberg, B. and Wood, K. (2023). Brighamia insignis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T44080A184207893. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T44080A184207893.en. Accessed on 22 June 2024.
Walsh, Seana K., Pender, R. J., Junker, R. R., Daehler, C. C., Morden, C. W. and Lorence, D. H. (2019). Pollination biology reveals challenges to restoring populations of Brighamia insignis (Campanulaceae), a critically endangered plant species from Hawai‘i. Flora 259: 151448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.151448
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighamia_insignis
http://www.theledger.com/entertainmentlife/20180913/reynolds-grow-plants-that-are-extinct-in-wild
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/plant-studbook-endangered-plants-extinction
http://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/314/brighamia-insignis
https://app.chicagobotanicinternships.org/storage/media/7707/GonzalezREU2021_2.pdf
https://www.civilbeat.org/2022/10/another-native-kauai-plant-is-now-considered-extinct-in-the-wild/