Brighamia insignis A.Gray (1867:185)

ʻālula, puaʻala, ʻōlulu, Vulcan palm, Cabbage on a stick

Taxonomy & Nomenclature

Synonyms: Brighamia insignis f. citrina C.N.Forbes & Lydgate in Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 6(4): 11 (1917); Brighamia citrina (C.N.Forbes & Lydgate) H.St.John in Pacific Sci. 12: 182 (1958); Brighamia citrina var. napoliensis H.St.John in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 62: 194 (1969)

Conservation Status

Extinct in the Wild (Walsh et al., 2023)

Last wild record: 29 August 2012 (Walsh et al., 2023)

IUCN status: Extinct in the Wild

A single wild plant existed, however its natural pollinator (probably a moth, given the sheer length of the pollen tubes) appears to have become extinct, thus the wild population was no longer self-sustaining. The last plant died in 2012 or later.

Distribution

Kauaʻi & Niʻihau, Hawaiian Islands, USA

Biology & Ecology

Hypodigm

Media

References

Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Butcher, Ellen R. (2012). Priceless or Worthless? The world’s most threatened species. London, UK: Zoological Society of London.

Fant, J. B., K. Havens, A. T. Kramer, S. K. Walsh, T. Callicrate, R. C. Lacy, M. Maunder, et al. (2016). What to do when we can't bank on seeds: What botanic gardens can learn from the zoo community about conserving plants in living collections. American Journal of Botany 103: 1541-1543.

Fortini, L., Price, J., Jacobi, J., Vorsino, A., Burgett, J., Brinck, K., Amidon, F., Miller, S., Gon II, S., Koob, G. and Paxton, E. (2013). A landscape-based assessment of climate change vulnerability for all native Hawaiian plants. Technical report HCSU-044. Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hawaii.

Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.

Griffith, M. P., T. Clase, P. Toribio, Y. Encarnación Piñeyro, F. Jimenez, X. Gratacos, V. Sanchez, et al. (2020). Can a botanic garden metacollection better conserve wild plant diversity? A case study comparing pooled collections with an ideal sampling model. International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 485-496.

Gurnoe, Tony, Bugarchich, Jeremy, Khoury, Colin K. and Novy, Ari. (2023). Plant Conservation Efforts at the San Diego Botanic Garden, 14 pp. In: Pullaiah, T. and Galbraith, David A. (eds.). Botanical Gardens and Their Role in Plant Conservation: European and American Botanical Gardens, Volume 3. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 310 pp.

Hanon, D. P. and Perlman, S. (2002). The genus Brighamia. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 74(2): 67-76.

Pence, V. C., A. Meyer, J. Linsky, J. Gratzfeld, H. W. Pritchard, M. Westwood, and E. B. Bruns. (2022). Defining exceptional species—A conceptual framework to expand and advance ex situ conservation of plant diversity beyond conventional seed banking. Biological Conservation 266: 109440.

Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer, S. (1990). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.

Walsh, S. (2015). Floral Biology, Breeding System, Pollination Ecology, and ex situ Genetic Diversity of the Endangered Hawaiian Species, Brighamia insignis A. Gray (Campanulaceae). Master of Science in Botany, University of Hawai'i, Mānoa.

Walsh, S. (2016). Brighamia insignis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T44080A83789215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T44080A83789215.en. Downloaded on 15 April 2018.

Walsh, S., Nyberg, B. and Wood, K. (2023). Brighamia insignis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T44080A184207893. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T44080A184207893.en. Accessed on 22 June 2024.

Walsh, Seana K., Pender, R.J., Junker, R.R., Daehler, C.C., Morden, C.W. and Lorence, D.H. (2019). Pollination biology reveals challenges to restoring populations of Brighamia insignis (Campanulaceae), a critically endangered plant species from Hawai‘i. Flora 259: 151448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.151448

Wood, J., J. D. Ballou, T. Callicrate, J. B. Fant, M. P. Griffith, A. T. Kramer, R. C. Lacy, et al. (2020). Applying the zoo model to conservation of threatened exceptional plant species. Conservation Biology 34: 1416-1425.

http://www.civilbeat.org/2017/07/on-a-mission-to-save-hawaiis-most-endangered-native-plants-from-extinction/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighamia_insignis

http://www.theledger.com/entertainmentlife/20180913/reynolds-grow-plants-that-are-extinct-in-wild

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/plant-studbook-endangered-plants-extinction

http://vanishingflora.proboards.com/thread/314/brighamia-insignis

https://app.chicagobotanicinternships.org/storage/media/7707/GonzalezREU2021_2.pdf

https://www.civilbeat.org/2022/10/another-native-kauai-plant-is-now-considered-extinct-in-the-wild/

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